Apelin Endothelial Signaling Pathway
The apelin gene is X-linked and is synthesized as a 77 amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is cleaved post-translationally to generate several active forms whose lengths range from 36 to 12 amino acids. These isoforms possess similar functions but display different tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity. Apelin acts as a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1), which is coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins. The apelin/APJ system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, cardiac contractility, metabolic balance, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the APJ receptor is also activated by APELA, a distinct peptide hormone with significant effects on cardiac development...
Pathway Summary
The apelin gene is X-linked and is synthesized as a 77 amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is cleaved post-translationally to generate several active forms whose lengths range from 36 to 12 amino acids. These isoforms possess similar functions but display different tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity. Apelin acts as a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1), which is coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins. The apelin/APJ system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, cardiac contractility, metabolic balance, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the APJ receptor is also activated by APELA, a distinct peptide hormone with significant effects on cardiac development.Apelin is an angiogenic factor and mitogen of endothelial cells, participating in the normal development of the heart and blood vessels. Its expression is induced by hypoxia and shear stress. Both apelin-13 and 36 promote the assembly and proliferation of endothelial cells. The acute effect of the apelin/APJ signaling in the mature, intact endothelium is vasodilation, via activation of AKT and nitric oxide synthase, generating NO which diffuses to vascular smooth muscle cells. Promotion of vessel formation happens through multiple pathways, including AKT, ERK1/2, and JNK.
Apelin Endothelial Signaling Pathway Genes list
Explore Genes related to Apelin Endothelial Signaling Pathway
ADCY1adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY10adenylate cyclase 10 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 ADCY3adenylate cyclase 3 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 ADCY5adenylate cyclase 5 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 ADCY7adenylate cyclase 7 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 ADCY9adenylate cyclase 9 AKT1AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 AKT2AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 AKT3AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 ANGPT1angiopoietin 1 APLNapelin APLNRapelin receptor AQP2aquaporin 2 ARNTaryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator BORCS8-MEF2BBORCS8-MEF2B readthrough CALML5calmodulin like 5 CCL2C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ERASES cell expressed Ras FOSFos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit GNA11G protein subunit alpha 11 GNA12G protein subunit alpha 12 GNA13G protein subunit alpha 13 GNA14G protein subunit alpha 14 GNA15G protein subunit alpha 15 GNAI1G protein subunit alpha i1 GNAI2G protein subunit alpha i2 GNAI3G protein subunit alpha i3 GNALG protein subunit alpha L GNAO1G protein subunit alpha o1 GNAQG protein subunit alpha q GNASGNAS complex locus GNAT1G protein subunit alpha transducin 1 GNAT2G protein subunit alpha transducin 2 GNAZG protein subunit alpha z GNB1G protein subunit beta 1 GNB1LG protein subunit beta 1 like GNB2G protein subunit beta 2 GNB3G protein subunit beta 3 GNB4G protein subunit beta 4 GNB5G protein subunit beta 5 GNG10G protein subunit gamma 10 GNG11G protein subunit gamma 11 GNG12G protein subunit gamma 12 GNG13G protein subunit gamma 13 GNG2G protein subunit gamma 2 GNG3G protein subunit gamma 3 GNG4G protein subunit gamma 4 GNG5G protein subunit gamma 5 GNG7G protein subunit gamma 7 GUCY1A1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 GUCY1B1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 HDAC4histone deacetylase 4 HDAC5histone deacetylase 5 HIF1Ahypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha HRASHRas proto-oncogene, GTPase ICAM1intercellular adhesion molecule 1 JUNJun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit KLF2Kruppel like factor 2 KRASKRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase MAP2K1mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 MAP2K2mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 MAP2K4mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 MAPK1mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK10mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 MAPK12mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK14mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 MAPK3mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK8mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 MAPK9mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MEF2Amyocyte enhancer factor 2A MEF2Bmyocyte enhancer factor 2B MEF2Cmyocyte enhancer factor 2C MEF2Dmyocyte enhancer factor 2D MRASmuscle RAS oncogene homolog MTORmechanistic target of rapamycin kinase NFKB1nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 NFKB2nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 NOS3nitric oxide synthase 3 NRASNRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase PIK3C2Aphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha PIK3C2Bphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta PIK3C2Gphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 gamma PIK3C3phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 PIK3CAphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha PIK3CBphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta PIK3CDphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta PIK3CGphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma PIK3R1phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 PIK3R2phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 PIK3R3phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 PIK3R4phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 PIK3R5phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 PIK3R6phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 PLCB1phospholipase C beta 1 PLCB2phospholipase C beta 2 PLCB3phospholipase C beta 3 PLCB4phospholipase C beta 4 PRKAA1protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 PRKAA2protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 PRKAB1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 PRKAB2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2 PRKAG1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 PRKAG2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 PRKAG3protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3 PRKCAprotein kinase C alpha PRKCBprotein kinase C beta PRKCDprotein kinase C delta PRKCEprotein kinase C epsilon PRKCGprotein kinase C gamma PRKCHprotein kinase C eta PRKCIprotein kinase C iota PRKCQprotein kinase C theta PRKCZprotein kinase C zeta PRKD1protein kinase D1 PRKD3protein kinase D3 RAF1Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase RALARAS like proto-oncogene A RALBRAS like proto-oncogene B RAP1ARAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family RAP1BRAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family RAP2ARAP2A, member of RAS oncogene family RAP2BRAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family RASD1ras related dexamethasone induced 1 RASD2RASD family member 2 RELREL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELARELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELBRELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RPS6KB1ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 RPS6KB2ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2 RRASRAS related RRAS2RAS related 2 SMAD3SMAD family member 3 SP1Sp1 transcription factor TEKTEK receptor tyrosine kinase VCAM1vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
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