INSR
INSR Gene Summary
This gene encodes a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate alpha and beta subunits that form a heterotetrameric receptor. Binding of insulin or other ligands to this receptor activates the insulin signaling pathway, which regulates glucose uptake and release, as well as the synthesis and storage of carbohydrates, lipids and protein. Mutations in this gene underlie the inherited severe insulin resistance syndromes including type A insulin resistance syndrome, Donohue syndrome and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | INSR |
| Official Name | insulin receptor [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:6091] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000171105 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | insulin receptor |
| Synonyms | 4932439J01Rik,alpha subunit INSULIN receptor,CD220,D630014A15RIK,HHF5,insulin receptor,INSULIN receptor B,Insulin receptor beta,INSULIN receptor KINASE,Insulin receptor β,INSULIN RPTK,IR,IR2,IR alpha,IR-B,IRK,IR α,α subunit INSULIN receptor |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Kinase regulatory loop binding domain
- Furin-like cysteine rich region
- insulin-like growth factor binding
- Fibronectin type 3 domain
- protein-tyrosine kinase
- identical protein binding
- activation loop
- NPXY motif
- FU
- cytoplasmic domain
- transmembrane receptor
- extracellular domain
- cargo receptor activity
- protein kinase binding
- catalytic domain
- Protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase
- protein phosphatase binding
- ectodomain
- IRS2 binding domain
- linker domain
- protein binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- acidic domain
- kinase
- protein kinase activator
- Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
- kinase domain
- dileucine internalization motif
- FN3
- transmembrane domain
- tyrosine kinase domain
- substrate binding domain
- tyrosine phosphorylation site
- Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment
- protein kinase
- regulatory domain
- ATP-binding domain
- ATP binding
- CR domain
- Protein kinase domain
- insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
- polypeptide hormone binding
- Caveolin-1 binding domain
- NPEY domain
- intracellular domain
- Insulin/Il4 receptor motif
- membrane-proximal domain
- insulin receptor
- loop domain
- Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain
- cytoplasmic kinase domain
- G-protein coupled receptor
- Protein kinase (unclassified specificity)
- fatty acid binding
- Tyrosine autophosphorylation site
- protein domain specific binding
- YTHM motif
- autophosphorylation site
- insulin receptor substrate-1 binding domain
- phosphorylation site
- GTP binding
- beta strand or sheet
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase binding
- Receptor L domain
- binding protein
- Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
- Furin-like repeats
- structural molecule
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the INSR gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- AMPK Signaling
- Autophagy
- Caveolar-mediated Endocytosis Signaling
- CREB Signaling in Neurons
- EIF2 Signaling
- G Protein Signaling Mediated by Tubby
- Hepatic Cholestasis
- IL-15 Production
- Insulin Receptor Signaling
- Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) Signaling
- mTOR Signaling
- NF-κB Signaling
- PPAR Signaling
- PPARα/RXRα Activation
- PTEN Signaling
- PXR/RXR Activation
- Sperm Motility
- STAT3 Pathway
- Thyroid Cancer Signaling
- Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
binds
- ITGB1
- ITGAV
- ITGB3
- EGFR
- IGF2
- ADAM10
- SRC
- PDPK1
- NR3C1
- SLC25A3
disease
- metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
- locally advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer
- breast cancer
- morbid obesity
- obesity
- stroke
- dry eye
- hypertension
- endometriosis
- metastasis
regulated by
- INS
- TRIM72
- EHD2
- IFNG
- IL1B
- TNF
- glargine M1
- procyanidin extract
- INSR
- AGT
regulates
- TNF
- IL6
- ANP32A
- TGFB1
- CCL2
- RRM1
- nitrogen oxide
- mir-34 (includes others)
- SIRT1
- IL1B
role in cell
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- production in
- proliferation
- differentiation
- apoptosis
- quantity
- number
- growth
- cell viability
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- plasma membrane fraction
- high-density microsomal fractions
- raft fractions
- caveolae fraction
- low-density microsomal fraction
- detergent-soluble membrane fractions
- parenchymal basement membrane
- intracellular compartment
- cholesterol-rich microdomain
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- perinuclear region
- intracellular membranes
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- endosomes
- vesicles
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- caveolae
- Golgi membrane
- endosomal membrane
- perinuclear space
- nuclear envelope
- neurites
- photoreceptor outer segments
- photoreceptor inner segments
- secretory granules
- membrane rafts
- brush border
- perikaryon
- dendrites
- rod outer segments
- detergent-soluble fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the INSR gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- viral entry into host cell
- positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
- peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of respiratory burst
- male gonad development
- multicellular organismal development
- insulin receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- epidermis development
- positive regulation of protein complex disassembly
- protein autophosphorylation
- positive regulation of mitosis
- learning
- protein phosphorylation
- positive regulation of developmental growth
- memory
- positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of glycolysis
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- beta-amyloid clearance
- heart morphogenesis
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- activation of protein kinase activity
- positive regulation of kinase activity
- exocrine pancreas development
- activation of protein kinase B activity
- positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle
- adrenal gland development
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of receptor internalization
- regulation of female gonad development
- regulation of embryonic development
- positive regulation of glucose import
- transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of MAPK cascade
- receptor-mediated endocytosis
- dendritic spine maintenance
- male sex determination
- cellular response to growth factor stimulus
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- glucose homeostasis
- receptor internalization
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of cell migration
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- dendrite membrane
- late endosome
- external side of plasma membrane
- receptor complex
- neuronal cell body membrane
- plasma membrane
- lysosome
- insulin receptor complex
- nuclear envelope
- caveola
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- membrane
- nuclear lumen
- endosome membrane
- axon
MOLECULAR FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
- insulin binding
- protein domain specific binding
- cargo receptor activity
- beta-amyloid binding
- insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
- GTP binding
- ATP binding
- protein tyrosine kinase activity
- insulin-activated receptor activity
- protein binding
- insulin receptor substrate binding
- insulin-like growth factor I binding
- PTB domain binding
- insulin-like growth factor II binding