CCL21
CCL21 Gene Summary
This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. Similar to other chemokines the protein encoded by this gene inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. This protein is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. The cytokine encoded by this gene may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. It is a high affinity functional ligand for chemokine receptor 7 that is expressed on T and B lymphocytes and a known receptor for another member of the cytokine family (small inducible cytokine A19). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | CCL21 |
| Official Name | C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:10620] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000137077 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | C-C motif chemokine ligand 21, beta chemokine exodus-2, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, Efficient Chemoattractant for Lymphocytes |
| Synonyms | 6CKBAC2,6CKINE,ALP,Beta chemokine tca4,Ccl21a,Ccl21b,Ccl21-Ser,C-C motif chemokine ligand 21,C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (serine),CKb9,ECL,Gm1987,plt,SCYA21,SCYA21A,Scya21b,SLC,TCA4,β chemokine tca4 |
| Species | Human, homo_sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- CCR chemokine receptor binding
- chemokine
- Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like
- chemokine receptor binding
- protein binding
- cytokine
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the CCL21 gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
binds
- LRRK1
- IGFBP7
- heparin
- SMAD4
- CCR7
- CXCL14
- TCF4
- KLHL22
- XCL1
- UBQLN4
disease
- epithelial cancer
- autoimmune dacryoadenitis
- aldosterone producing adrenocortical adenoma
- adenoma formation
- neoplasia
- rheumatoid arthritis
- sneeze
- chronic hepatitis C
- polycystic kidney disease
- small cell lung cancer
regulated by
- lipopolysaccharide
- doxorubicin
- TNF
- dexamethasone
- TNFAIP6
- AIRE
- AHR
- beta-estradiol
- GW7845
- methamphetamine
regulates
- AKT
- ERK1/2
- Ca2+
- CXCL8
- IL2
- ERK
- GSK3B
- SPN
- IL4
- PI3K (complex)
role in cell
- accumulation in
- recruitment
- activation in
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- apoptosis
- migration
- invasion by
- binding
- proliferation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- perikaryon
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the CCL21 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway
- positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
- response to prostaglandin E stimulus
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- positive regulation of filopodium assembly
- positive regulation of GTPase activity
- immunological synapse formation
- cell chemotaxis
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- dendritic cell dendrite assembly
- establishment of T cell polarity
- positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
- release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
- mesangial cell-matrix adhesion
- positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- T cell costimulation
- positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly
- positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis
- cell-cell signaling
- cell maturation
- positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis
- positive regulation of T cell migration
- positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
- negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly
- positive regulation of JNK cascade
- ruffle organization
- chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of actin filament polymerization
- dendritic cell chemotaxis
- positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
- positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis
- positive regulation of chemotaxis
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of cell motility
- positive regulation of cell migration
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular region
MOLECULAR FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- CCR chemokine receptor binding
- protein binding
- CCR7 chemokine receptor binding
- chemokine activity
- chemokine receptor binding