Apelin Adipocyte Signaling Pathway
The apelin gene is X-linked and is synthesized as a 77 amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is cleaved post-translationally to generate several active forms whose lengths range from 36 to 12 amino acids. These isoforms possess similar functions but display different tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity. Apelin acts as a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1), which is coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins. The apelin/APJ system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, cardiac contractility, metabolic balance, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the APJ receptor is also activated by APELA, a distinct peptide hormone with significant effects on cardiac development...
Pathway Summary
The apelin gene is X-linked and is synthesized as a 77 amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is cleaved post-translationally to generate several active forms whose lengths range from 36 to 12 amino acids. These isoforms possess similar functions but display different tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity. Apelin acts as a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1), which is coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins. The apelin/APJ system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, cardiac contractility, metabolic balance, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the APJ receptor is also activated by APELA, a distinct peptide hormone with significant effects on cardiac development.Apelin is an adipocytokine secreted by, and sensed by, adipocytes, that tends to counteract diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. It is induced in part by insulin, and, like insulin, by glucose and repletion. Via several pathways such as AMPK, PKA, and ERK1/2, it dampens ROS generation, increases mitochondrial biogenesis, reduces fatty acid generation and release, and promotes brown fat over white.
Apelin Adipocyte Signaling Pathway Genes list
Explore Genes related to Apelin Adipocyte Signaling Pathway
ADCY1adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY10adenylate cyclase 10 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 ADCY3adenylate cyclase 3 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 ADCY5adenylate cyclase 5 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 ADCY7adenylate cyclase 7 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 ADCY9adenylate cyclase 9 APLNapelin APLNRapelin receptor CATcatalase CLIC2chloride intracellular channel 2 CYBBcytochrome b-245 beta chain GNA11G protein subunit alpha 11 GNAI1G protein subunit alpha i1 GNAI2G protein subunit alpha i2 GNAI3G protein subunit alpha i3 GPX1glutathione peroxidase 1 GPX2glutathione peroxidase 2 GPX3glutathione peroxidase 3 GPX4glutathione peroxidase 4 GPX5glutathione peroxidase 5 GPX6glutathione peroxidase 6 GPX7glutathione peroxidase 7 GPX8glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) GSTA1glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 GSTA5glutathione S-transferase alpha 5 GSTK1glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 GSTM1glutathione S-transferase mu 1 GSTM2glutathione S-transferase mu 2 GSTP1glutathione S-transferase pi 1 GSTT1glutathione S-transferase theta 1 GSTZ1glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 GUCY1A1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 GUCY1B1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 HIF1Ahypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha INSinsulin LIPElipase E, hormone sensitive type MAPK1mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK10mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 MAPK11mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 MAPK12mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK13mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 MAPK14mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 MAPK15mitogen-activated protein kinase 15 MAPK3mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK4mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 MAPK6mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 MAPK7mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 MAPK8mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 MAPK9mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MGST1microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 MGST2microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 MGST3microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 NCF1neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 NCF2neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 NOX1NADPH oxidase 1 NOX3NADPH oxidase 3 NOX4NADPH oxidase 4 OPN1SWopsin 1, short wave sensitive PLIN1perilipin 1 PPARGC1APPARG coactivator 1 alpha PRDX6peroxiredoxin 6 PRKAA1protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 PRKAA2protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 PRKAB1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 PRKAB2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2 PRKACAprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha PRKACBprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta PRKACGprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma PRKAG1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 PRKAG2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 PRKAG3protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3 PRKAR1Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta PRKAR2Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR2Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta PTGESprostaglandin E synthase RAC1Rac family small GTPase 1 RAC2Rac family small GTPase 2 RAC3Rac family small GTPase 3 SOD1superoxide dismutase 1 UCP1uncoupling protein 1
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