Dopamine Receptor Signaling
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is important to vital brain functions like motor control and short term memory. Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyzes the production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a required cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. TH is required for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA which is then converted to dopamine. Dopamine is released at the synapse of the presynaptic neuron where it binds to its receptor on the postsynaptic neuron.Dopamine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that can belong to either of two subtypes: D1-like receptor (D1, D5) or D2-like receptor (D2, D3, D4)...
Pathway Summary
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is important to vital brain functions like motor control and short term memory. Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyzes the production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a required cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. TH is required for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA which is then converted to dopamine. Dopamine is released at the synapse of the presynaptic neuron where it binds to its receptor on the postsynaptic neuron.Dopamine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that can belong to either of two subtypes: D1-like receptor (D1, D5) or D2-like receptor (D2, D3, D4). D2-like receptors are coupled to Gαi which inhibits adenyl cyclase. D1 type receptors are coupled to Gαs which results in sequential activation of adenyl cyclase, cylic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor DARPP-32. The increased phosphorylation that results from the combined effects of activating cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and inhibiting the protein phosphatase, regulates the activity of many receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and transcription factors which mediate dopamine action.Dopamine is targeted for inactivation by its uptake via dopamine transporter (DAT). It is then enzymatically degraded by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) to homovanillic acid which enters the cerebrospinal fluid.
Dopamine Receptor Signaling Genes list
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ADCY1adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY10adenylate cyclase 10 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 ADCY3adenylate cyclase 3 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 ADCY5adenylate cyclase 5 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 ADCY7adenylate cyclase 7 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 ADCY9adenylate cyclase 9 CALYcalcyon neuron specific vesicular protein CAMPcathelicidin antimicrobial peptide COMTcatechol-O-methyltransferase DDCdopa decarboxylase DRD1dopamine receptor D1 DRD2dopamine receptor D2 DRD3dopamine receptor D3 DRD4dopamine receptor D4 DRD5dopamine receptor D5 GCH1GTP cyclohydrolase 1 GUCY1A1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 GUCY1B1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 IL4I1interleukin 4 induced 1 MAOAmonoamine oxidase A MAOBmonoamine oxidase B NCS1neuronal calcium sensor 1 PCBD1pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1 PPM1Jprotein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1J PPM1Lprotein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1L PPP1CAprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha PPP1CBprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta PPP1CCprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma PPP1R10protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 10 PPP1R11protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 11 PPP1R12Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A PPP1R14Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A PPP1R14Bprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B PPP1R14Cprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14C PPP1R14Dprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14D PPP1R1Bprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B PPP1R3Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A PPP1R3Cprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C PPP1R3Dprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D PPP1R7protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 7 PPP1R8protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 8 PPP2CAprotein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha PPP2CBprotein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta PPP2R1Aprotein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha PPP2R1Bprotein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta PPP2R2Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha PPP2R2Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta PPP2R2Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma PPP2R2Dprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta PPP2R3Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha PPP2R3Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''beta PPP2R5Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha PPP2R5Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta PPP2R5Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma PPP2R5Dprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta PPP2R5Eprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon PRKACAprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha PRKACBprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta PRKACGprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma PRKAG1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 PRKAG2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 PRKAR1Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta PRKAR2Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR2Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta PRLprolactin PTHparathyroid hormone PTPAprotein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator PTS6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase QDPRquinoid dihydropteridine reductase SLC18A1solute carrier family 18 member A1 SLC18A2solute carrier family 18 member A2 SLC18A3solute carrier family 18 member A3 SLC6A3solute carrier family 6 member 3 SMOXspermine oxidase SPRsepiapterin reductase THtyrosine hydroxylase
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