Natural Killer Cell Signaling
Natural killer cells are large granular lymphocytes that are important to the innate immune system. NK cell actions are controlled by a fine balance between activating and inhibiting pathways that are initiated upon interaction with target cells. Towards this function, NK cells express an array of cell surface receptors that fall into two categories:Activating receptors like NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 initiate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathways through non-covalent associations with adapters CD3ζ and Fc ε RI γ that have ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). Upon receptor activation, these adapters recruit tyrosine kinases SYK and ZAP70. Receptors like NKG2D associate with adapter DAP10 that does not contain an ITAM and signals via PLC-γ2...
Pathway Summary
Natural killer cells are large granular lymphocytes that are important to the innate immune system. NK cell actions are controlled by a fine balance between activating and inhibiting pathways that are initiated upon interaction with target cells. Towards this function, NK cells express an array of cell surface receptors that fall into two categories:Activating receptors like NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 initiate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathways through non-covalent associations with adapters CD3ζ and Fc ε RI γ that have ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). Upon receptor activation, these adapters recruit tyrosine kinases SYK and ZAP70. Receptors like NKG2D associate with adapter DAP10 that does not contain an ITAM and signals via PLC-γ2. Signal transduction via activating receptors ultimately leads to cytolytic activity and cytokine production.Inhibitory cell surface receptors are characterized by intracytoplasmic ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs). They act by antagonizing the activating pathways through protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Several signaling components are substrates for the PTKs of the activating receptors and the PTPs of the inhibitory receptors. Such common substrates include LAT, SLP-76, SYK and ZAP70. Phosphorylation status of these molecules determines the activating/inhibiting outcome. (Upgraded 01/2020)
Natural Killer Cell Signaling Genes list
Explore Genes related to Natural Killer Cell Signaling
AKT1AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 AKT2AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 AKT3AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 B2Mbeta-2-microglobulin CD226CD226 molecule CD244CD244 molecule CD247CD247 molecule CD48CD48 molecule CDC42cell division cycle 42 CFL1cofilin 1 CFL2cofilin 2 COL10A1collagen type X alpha 1 chain COL11A2collagen type XI alpha 2 chain COL18A1collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain COL1A1collagen type I alpha 1 chain COL1A2collagen type I alpha 2 chain COL2A1collagen type II alpha 1 chain COL3A1collagen type III alpha 1 chain COL5A3collagen type V alpha 3 chain ERASES cell expressed Ras FASLGFas ligand FCER1GFc fragment of IgE receptor Ig FCGR2AFc fragment of IgG receptor IIa FYNFYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase GRB2growth factor receptor bound protein 2 HCSThematopoietic cell signal transducer HLA-Amajor histocompatibility complex, class I, A HLA-Bmajor histocompatibility complex, class I, B HLA-Cmajor histocompatibility complex, class I, C HLA-Emajor histocompatibility complex, class I, E HLA-Fmajor histocompatibility complex, class I, F HLA-Gmajor histocompatibility complex, class I, G HRASHRas proto-oncogene, GTPase HSPA14heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 14 HSPA1Bheat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B HSPA1Lheat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like HSPA2heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 2 HSPA4heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 HSPA5heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 HSPA6heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 HSPA8heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 HSPA9heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 9 HSPH1heat shock protein family H (Hsp110) member 1 IFNGinterferon gamma IL12Ainterleukin 12A IL12Binterleukin 12B IL12RB1interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1 IL12RB2interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2 IL15interleukin 15 IL18interleukin 18 IL18R1interleukin 18 receptor 1 IL18RAPinterleukin 18 receptor accessory protein IL2interleukin 2 IL2RBinterleukin 2 receptor subunit beta IRAK4interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 ITGALintegrin subunit alpha L ITGB1integrin subunit beta 1 JAK2Janus kinase 2 JAK3Janus kinase 3 KIR2DL2killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 2 KIR2DL4killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4 KIR2DL5Akiller cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 5A KIR2DL5Bkiller cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 5B KIR2DS3killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and short cytoplasmic tail 3 KIR3DL1killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1 KIR3DL2killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 2 KIR3DL3killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3 KLRB1killer cell lectin like receptor B1 KLRC1killer cell lectin like receptor C1 KLRC2killer cell lectin like receptor C2 KLRC3killer cell lectin like receptor C3 KLRD1killer cell lectin like receptor D1 KLRK1killer cell lectin like receptor K1 KRASKRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase LAIR1leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 1 LATlinker for activation of T cells LCKLCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase LCP2lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 LILRB1leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 LIMK1LIM domain kinase 1 LIMK2LIM domain kinase 2 MAP2K1mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 MAP2K2mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 MAP2K3mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 MAP3K1mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 MAP3K10mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10 MAP3K11mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 MAP3K12mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 MAP3K13mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 MAP3K14mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 MAP3K15mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 15 MAP3K2mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 MAP3K3mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 MAP3K4mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 MAP3K5mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 MAP3K6mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6 MAP3K7mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 MAP3K8mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 MAP3K9mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 MAPK1mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK11mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 MAPK12mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK13mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 MAPK14mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 MAPK3mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MICAMHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A MICBMHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B MRASmuscle RAS oncogene homolog MTORmechanistic target of rapamycin kinase MYD88MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor NCK1NCK adaptor protein 1 NCR1natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 NCR2natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 NCR3natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 NECTIN2nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 NFAT5nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 NFATC1nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 NFATC2nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 NFATC3nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 NFATC4nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 NFKB1nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 NFKB2nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 NRASNRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase PAK1p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 PAK2p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2 PAK3p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3 PAK4p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4 PAK5p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 5 PAK6p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 6 PIK3C2Aphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha PIK3C2Bphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta PIK3C2Gphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 gamma PIK3C3phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 PIK3CAphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha PIK3CBphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta PIK3CDphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta PIK3CGphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma PIK3R1phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 PIK3R2phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 PIK3R3phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 PIK3R4phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 PIK3R5phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 PIK3R6phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 PLCG1phospholipase C gamma 1 PLCG2phospholipase C gamma 2 PRKCQprotein kinase C theta PTK2Bprotein tyrosine kinase 2 beta PTPN11protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 PTPN6protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 PVRPVR cell adhesion molecule PXNpaxillin RAC1Rac family small GTPase 1 RAC2Rac family small GTPase 2 RAC3Rac family small GTPase 3 RAET1Lretinoic acid early transcript 1L RAF1Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase RALARAS like proto-oncogene A RALBRAS like proto-oncogene B RAP1ARAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family RAP1BRAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family RAP2ARAP2A, member of RAS oncogene family RAP2BRAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family RASD1ras related dexamethasone induced 1 RASD2RASD family member 2 RASSF5Ras association domain family member 5 RELREL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELARELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELBRELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit ROCK1Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 RRASRAS related RRAS2RAS related 2 SH2D1ASH2 domain containing 1A SIGLEC7sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7 SOS1SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 SOS2SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 STAT4signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 SYKspleen associated tyrosine kinase TNFSF10TNF superfamily member 10 TRAF6TNF receptor associated factor 6 TYK2tyrosine kinase 2 TYROBPtransmembrane immune signaling adaptor TYROBP ULBP1UL16 binding protein 1 ULBP2UL16 binding protein 2 ULBP3UL16 binding protein 3 VAV1vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 VAV2vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 VAV3vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 WASWASP actin nucleation promoting factor WASLWASP like actin nucleation promoting factor WIPF1WAS/WASL interacting protein family member 1 ZAP70zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70