GPNMB Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which shows homology to the pMEL17 precursor, a melanocyte-specific protein. GPNMB shows expression in the lowly metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts but does not show expression in the highly metastatic cell lines. GPNMB may be involved in growth delay and reduction of metastatic potential. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Processed Transcript |
| Official Symbol | GPNMB |
| Official Name | glycoprotein nmb [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4462] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136235 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | glycoprotein nmb, transmembrane glycoprotein, glycoprotein NMB, glycoprotein nmb-like protein, osteoactivin, hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1, glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B |
| Synonyms | DC-HIL, glycoprotein nmb, glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb, Gnmbp, HGFIN, ipd, NMB, Osteoactivin, PLCA3 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GPNMB often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- extracellular domain
- PKD domain
- RGD motif
- enzyme
- syndecan binding
- protein binding
- PKAT, KLD domain
- integrin binding
- Cadherin repeat-like domain
- receptor agonist activity
- cytosolic tail domain
- heparin binding
- Repeats in polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and other proteins
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- non-small cell lung cancer
- non-small cell lung carcinoma
- cognitive impairment
- streptozotocin-induced diabetes
- amyloidosis cutis dyschromia
- Alzheimer disease
- chronic kidney disease
- lung metastasis
- organismal death
role in cell
- expression in
- proliferation
- apoptosis
- phosphorylation in
- cell viability
- survival
- activation in
- quantity
- migration
- activity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- membrane fraction
- cell surface
- cellular membrane
- Golgi Apparatus
- cytoplasmic vesicles
- melanosomes
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GPNMB gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive chemotaxis
- signal transduction
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- cell-cell signaling
- regulation of angiogenesis
- cell adhesion
- positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation
- negative regulation of T cell proliferation
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
- regulation of tissue remodeling
- negative regulation of T cell activation
- negative regulation of cytokine production
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- positive regulation of cell migration
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- melanosome membrane
- early endosome membrane
- membrane
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein binding
- syndecan binding
- chemoattractant activity
- receptor agonist activity
- integrin binding
- heparin binding