Immunology & Inflammation
Immune system and inflammatory processes are highly complex, and several hundred genes have established roles in these processes. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and their receptors, downstream signaling pathway genes, and transcription factors coordinate diverse functions of the immune system. Toll-like receptor and associated adapter and downstream signaling genes are involved in pathogen sensing. Interferons, interferon receptors and regulatory factors, and a variety of interferon response genes are involved in host anti-viral defense. Other genes play a role in specialized functions of the various immune cell types, such as antigen uptake and presentation by dendritic cells and antigen presenting cells, differentiation and activation of T and B cells, and responses of cytotoxic and helper (Th1, Th2, Th17) T cells. Genes with pro- or anti-apoptotic effects in immune or targeted host cells are also involved. Still others regulate functions including innate and adaptive immunity, T cell anergy and immune tolerance, autoimmunity, acute phase response, complement activation, and inflammation. Many of these genes are acutely upregulated due to cell damage, injury, or infection to promote and eventually resolve the inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation, the expression of these cytokines and receptors at low levels over long periods of time, promotes various pathological conditions including allergies and asthma, cardiovascular system disorders such as atherosclerosis, central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Autoimmune disease (Allergy, Asthma, Arthritis, and others)
Airway Inflammation in Asthma Altered T Cell and B Cell Signaling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Signaling IL-4 Signaling Osteoarthritis Pathway Role of IL-17A in Arthritis Role of IL-17A in Psoriasis Role of IL-17F in Allergic Inflammatory Airway Diseases Role of Macrophages, Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Role of Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts and Chondrocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Signaling
Immune Cell Activity or Development
Agranulocyte Adhesion and Diapedesis B Cell Development Communication between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells Dendritic Cell Maturation Fcγ Receptor-mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages and Monocytes GM-CSF Signaling Granulocyte Adhesion and Diapedesis IL-3 Signaling Leukocyte Extravasation Signaling Lipid Antigen Presentation by CD1 Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response Role of RIG1-like Receptors in Antiviral Innate Immunity T Helper Cell Differentiation Tumoricidal Function of Hepatic Natural Killer Cells
Immune Cell Signaling
4-1BB Signaling in T Lymphocytes Activation of IRF by Cytosolic Pattern Recognition Receptors Acute Phase Response Signaling Antigen Presentation Pathway Antiproliferative Role of TOB in T Cell Signaling B Cell Activating Factor Signaling B Cell Receptor Signaling CCR3 Signaling in Eosinophils CCR5 Signaling in Macrophages CD27 Signaling in Lymphocytes CD28 Signaling in T Helper Cells CD40 Signaling Chemokine Signaling Complement System Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer Cells CTLA4 Signaling in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Death Receptor Signaling Differential Regulation of Cytokine Production in Macrophages and T Helper Cells by IL-17A and IL-17F Fc Epsilon RI Signaling FcγRIIB Signaling in B Lymphocytes fMLP Signaling in Neutrophils iCOS-iCOSL Signaling in T Helper Cells IL-1 Signaling IL-10 Signaling IL-12 Signaling and Production in Macrophages IL-15 Signaling IL-17 Signaling IL-2 Signaling IL-22 Signaling IL-6 Signaling IL-7 Signaling Pathway IL-9 Signaling Inflammasome pathway iNOS Signaling Interferon Signaling LPS-stimulated MAPK Signaling MIF Regulation of Innate Immunity MSP-RON Signaling Pathway Natural Killer Cell Signaling Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathway NF-κB Activation by Viruses Nur77 Signaling in T Lymphocytes Oncostatin M Signaling OX40 Signaling Pathway PI3K Signaling in B Lymphocytes PKCθ Signaling in T Lymphocytes Regulation of IL-2 Expression in Activated and Anergic T Lymphocytes Role of Cytokines in Mediating Communication between Immune Cells Role of JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2 in Interferon Signaling Role of NFAT in Regulation of the Immune Response T Cell Receptor Signaling Th1 and Th2 Activation Pathway Th1 Pathway Th17 Activation Pathway Th2 Pathway Toll-like Receptor Signaling TREM1 Signaling