Gdf11 Gene Summary [Mouse]
This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein plays a role in the development of the nervous and other organ systems, and may regulate aging. Mice lacking a functional copy of this gene exhibit impaired anteroposterior patterning and other developmental defects. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Gdf11 |
| Official Name | growth differentiation factor 11 [Source:MGI Symbol;Acc:MGI:1338027] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSMUSG00000025352 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | growth differentiation factor 11 |
| Synonyms | BMP-11, growth differentiation factor 11, VHO |
| Species | Mouse, Mus musculus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in mouse Gdf11 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- TGF_beta_SF
- Transforming growth factor beta like domain
- protein binding
- growth factor
- TGF-beta propeptide
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- hyperplasia
- myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts
- beta thalassemia
- post essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- post polycythemia vera myelofibrosis
- primary myelofibrosis
- collagen-induced arthritis
- beta-thalassemia major
- cleft palate
phenotypes
- abnormal craniofacial morphology
- abnormal embryo size
- abnormal tail morphology
- increased cardiac stroke volume
- preweaning lethality complete penetrance
- abnormal anus morphology
- abnormal axial skeleton morphology
- abnormal cardiac stroke volume
- abnormal caudal vertebrae morphology
- abnormal cervical vertebrae morphology
- abnormal exocrine pancreas morphology
- abnormal hindlimb morphology
- abnormal kidney development
- abnormal metanephros morphology
- abnormal neuron differentiation
- abnormal olfactory epithelium morphology
- abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology
- abnormal optic nerve morphology
- abnormal palate morphology
- abnormal pancreas morphology
- abnormal pancreatic beta cell differentiation
- abnormal rectum morphology
- abnormal rib morphology
- abnormal rostral-caudal axis patterning
- abnormal sacral vertebrae morphology
- abnormal spinal cord morphology
- abnormal spleen morphology
- abnormal sternocostal joint morphology
- abnormal stomach epithelium morphology
- abnormal stomach morphology
- abnormal vertebrae morphology
- abnormal vertebral column morphology
- absent amacrine cells
- absent kidney
- absent retinal inner plexiform layer
- absent sacral vertebrae
- absent tail
- absent ureter
- absent ureteric bud
- asymmetric rib joints
- caudal body truncation
- cervical vertebral transformation
- cleft palate
- decreased caudal vertebrae number
- decreased nephron number
- decreased pancreatic acinar cell number
- decreased pancreatic beta cell mass
- decreased retinal photoreceptor cell number
- delayed optic fissure closure
- impaired branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
- increased apoptosis
- increased lumbar vertebrae number
- increased neuronal precursor cell number
- increased pancreatic alpha cell mass
- increased pancreatic islet number
- increased presacral vertebrae number
- increased retinal ganglion cell number
- increased rib number
- increased thoracic vertebrae number
- lumbar vertebral transformation
- neonatal lethality
- neonatal lethality complete penetrance
- omphalocele
- pancreatic islet hyperplasia
- short tail
- single kidney
- small kidney
- small pancreatic islets
- thoracic vertebral transformation
- vertebral transformation
role in cell
- quantity
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- production in
- cell viability
- proliferation
- accumulation
- growth
- apoptosis
- number
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- nucleoplasm
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the mouse Gdf11 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cell proliferation
- amacrine cell differentiation
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- SMAD protein signal transduction
- palate development
- mesoderm development
- nervous system development
- spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
- activin receptor signaling pathway
- type B pancreatic cell maturation
- camera-type eye morphogenesis
- skeletal system development
- metanephros development
- ureteric bud development
- positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- macromolecular complex
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- growth factor activity
- protein binding
- cytokine activity