Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopysaccharide or nucleic acids. The engagement of PRRs results in the activation of specific genes and subsequent triggering of innate immune responses in the host. One of the hallmarks of the innate immune response is the induction of the type 1 interferon (IFN) genes. The cytosolic PRR pathway of type 1 IFN induction involves the activation of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors.The presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or double stranded DNA in the cytosol following infection by viruses or intracellular bacteria trigger the cytosolic PRR system...