Numerous viruses depend on the host cell's endocytic machinery for entry and productive infection. The endocytic pathways utilized include caveolar-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. In order to enter the host cells, viruses must first bind to the cell surface using attachment factors (E.g. ceramide, ganglioside, sialic acid) or virus receptors (E...