Cardiac β-adrenergic Signaling
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) plays a key role in modulation of cardiac function in response to stress or exercise. β1-ARs are coupled to Gαs. Stimulation of the receptor results in Gαs mediated activation of adenylate cyclase (AC) which then catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Higher cAMP levels lead to PKA activation which regulates a number of Ca+2 cycling proteins like L-type Ca+2 channel, SERCA and (phospholamban) PLN. In the heart, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is driven by an ion-channel-mediated calcium cycle that produces myofilament contraction and relaxation...
Pathway Summary
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) plays a key role in modulation of cardiac function in response to stress or exercise. β1-ARs are coupled to Gαs. Stimulation of the receptor results in Gαs mediated activation of adenylate cyclase (AC) which then catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Higher cAMP levels lead to PKA activation which regulates a number of Ca+2 cycling proteins like L-type Ca+2 channel, SERCA and (phospholamban) PLN. In the heart, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is driven by an ion-channel-mediated calcium cycle that produces myofilament contraction and relaxation. Thus, β-AR signaling controls cardiac contractility.
Cardiac β-adrenergic Signaling Genes list
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ADCY1adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY10adenylate cyclase 10 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 ADCY3adenylate cyclase 3 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 ADCY5adenylate cyclase 5 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 ADCY7adenylate cyclase 7 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 ADCY9adenylate cyclase 9 ADRB1adrenoceptor beta 1 AKAP1A-kinase anchoring protein 1 AKAP10A-kinase anchoring protein 10 AKAP11A-kinase anchoring protein 11 AKAP12A-kinase anchoring protein 12 AKAP13A-kinase anchoring protein 13 AKAP14A-kinase anchoring protein 14 AKAP17AA-kinase anchoring protein 17A AKAP3A-kinase anchoring protein 3 AKAP4A-kinase anchoring protein 4 AKAP5A-kinase anchoring protein 5 AKAP6A-kinase anchoring protein 6 AKAP7A-kinase anchoring protein 7 AKAP8A-kinase anchoring protein 8 AKAP9A-kinase anchoring protein 9 APEX1apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 ATP2A1ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 ATP2A2ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 ATP2A3ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3 CACNA1Acalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A CACNA1Bcalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C CACNA1Dcalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D CACNA1Ecalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E CACNA1Fcalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F CACNA1Scalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S CACNA2D1calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1 CACNA2D2calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 2 CACNA2D3calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3 CACNA2D4calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 4 CACNB1calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 1 CACNB2calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2 CACNB3calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 3 CACNB4calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4 CACNG1calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1 CACNG2calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 2 CACNG3calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 3 CACNG4calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 4 CACNG5calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 5 CACNG6calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 6 CACNG7calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 7 CACNG8calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 8 CAMPcathelicidin antimicrobial peptide ENPP1ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 ENPP6ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 6 FICDFIC domain protein adenylyltransferase GDE1glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 GDPD1glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 1 GDPD3glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 GNA11G protein subunit alpha 11 GNA12G protein subunit alpha 12 GNA13G protein subunit alpha 13 GNA14G protein subunit alpha 14 GNA15G protein subunit alpha 15 GNAI1G protein subunit alpha i1 GNAI2G protein subunit alpha i2 GNAI3G protein subunit alpha i3 GNALG protein subunit alpha L GNAO1G protein subunit alpha o1 GNAQG protein subunit alpha q GNASGNAS complex locus GNAT1G protein subunit alpha transducin 1 GNAT2G protein subunit alpha transducin 2 GNAZG protein subunit alpha z GNB1G protein subunit beta 1 GNB1LG protein subunit beta 1 like GNB2G protein subunit beta 2 GNB3G protein subunit beta 3 GNB4G protein subunit beta 4 GNB5G protein subunit beta 5 GNG10G protein subunit gamma 10 GNG11G protein subunit gamma 11 GNG12G protein subunit gamma 12 GNG13G protein subunit gamma 13 GNG2G protein subunit gamma 2 GNG3G protein subunit gamma 3 GNG4G protein subunit gamma 4 GNG5G protein subunit gamma 5 GNG7G protein subunit gamma 7 GRK2G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 GRK3G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 GUCY1A1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 GUCY1B1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 MPPE1metallophosphoesterase 1 MPPED2metallophosphoesterase domain containing 2 MRASmuscle RAS oncogene homolog NAPEPLDN-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D PALM2AKAP2PALM2 and AKAP2 fusion PDE10Aphosphodiesterase 10A PDE11Aphosphodiesterase 11A PDE12phosphodiesterase 12 PDE1Aphosphodiesterase 1A PDE1Bphosphodiesterase 1B PDE1Cphosphodiesterase 1C PDE2Aphosphodiesterase 2A PDE3Aphosphodiesterase 3A PDE3Bphosphodiesterase 3B PDE4Aphosphodiesterase 4A PDE4Bphosphodiesterase 4B PDE4Cphosphodiesterase 4C PDE4Dphosphodiesterase 4D PDE5Aphosphodiesterase 5A PDE6Aphosphodiesterase 6A PDE6Bphosphodiesterase 6B PDE6Cphosphodiesterase 6C PDE6Dphosphodiesterase 6D PDE6Gphosphodiesterase 6G PDE6Hphosphodiesterase 6H PDE7Aphosphodiesterase 7A PDE7Bphosphodiesterase 7B PDE8Aphosphodiesterase 8A PDE8Bphosphodiesterase 8B PDE9Aphosphodiesterase 9A PKIAcAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha PKIBcAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor beta PKIGcAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma PLD6phospholipase D family member 6 PLNphospholamban PPM1Jprotein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1J PPM1Lprotein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1L PPP1CAprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha PPP1CBprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta PPP1CCprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma PPP1R10protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 10 PPP1R11protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 11 PPP1R12Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A PPP1R14Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A PPP1R14Bprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B PPP1R14Cprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14C PPP1R14Dprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14D PPP1R1Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A PPP1R1Bprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B PPP1R3Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A PPP1R3Cprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C PPP1R3Dprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D PPP1R7protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 7 PPP1R8protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 8 PPP2CAprotein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha PPP2CBprotein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta PPP2R1Aprotein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha PPP2R1Bprotein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta PPP2R2Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha PPP2R2Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta PPP2R2Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma PPP2R2Dprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta PPP2R3Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha PPP2R3Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''beta PPP2R5Aprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha PPP2R5Bprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta PPP2R5Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma PPP2R5Dprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta PPP2R5Eprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon PRKACAprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha PRKACBprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta PRKACGprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma PRKAG1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 PRKAG2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 PRKAR1Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta PRKAR2Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR2Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta PTPAprotein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator RYR2ryanodine receptor 2 SLC8A1solute carrier family 8 member A1 SLC8A2solute carrier family 8 member A2 SLC8A3solute carrier family 8 member A3 SMPDL3Asphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid like 3A SMPDL3Bsphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid like 3B TDP2tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 TULP2TUB like protein 2
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