CD74 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene associates with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for immune response. It also serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) which, when bound to the encoded protein, initiates survival pathways and cell proliferation. This protein also interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and suppresses the production of amyloid beta (Abeta). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | CD74 |
| Official Name | CD74 molecule [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:1697] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000019582 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | CD74 molecule, HLA-DR-gamma, Ia-associated invariant chain, gamma chain of class II antigens, MHC HLA-DR gamma chain, class II MHC-associated invariant chain peptide |
| Synonyms | CD74 ANTIGEN, CD74 antigen (invariant polypeptide of major histocompatibility complex, class II antigen-associated), CD74 molecule, CLIP, DHLAG, HLADG, Hla-dr γ, Ia-associated invariant chain, Ia-GAMMA, Ia-γ, II, INVARIANT CHAIN, INVG34, MHC Class2 Associated Invariant Chain, MHC Class I IIDG, MHCII (I-A), MIF receptor, Ox6, p33 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human CD74 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- extracellular domain
- MHC class II protein binding
- CLIP motif
- cytokine binding
- MHC class II protein binding activity, via antigen binding groove
- Class II MHC-associated invariant chain trimerization domain
- ectodomain
- enzyme binding
- protein binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- identical protein binding
- CD4 receptor binding
- ER retention sequence
- CLIP, MHC2 interacting
- binding protein
- TY
- lumenal domain
- extracytoplasmic domain
- transmembrane domain
- cytosolic tail domain
- cytokine receptor
- transmembrane receptor
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the CD74 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- Parkinson disease
- epithelial cancer
- lung cancer
- cancer
- pancreatic epithelial cancer
- ductal pancreatic cancer
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- hematological neoplasia
- atopic dermatitis
role in cell
- expression in
- chemotaxis
- apoptosis
- depolarization
- cell viability
- activation in
- proliferation
- migration
- cell death
- fragmentation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- membrane fraction
- multilamellar vesicular membrane
- endocytic vesicle membrane
- cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- intracellular compartment
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- perinuclear region
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- vacuole
- endosomes
- vesicles
- lysosome
- Golgi Apparatus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- Golgi membrane
- trans Golgi network
- lysosome membrane
- lysosomal compartment
- late endosomes
- perinuclear vesicles
- multivesicular bodies
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human CD74 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
- intracellular protein transport
- T cell activation involved in immune response
- positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production
- positive regulation of type 2 immune response
- positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
- regulation of macrophage activation
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
- antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen
- antigen processing and presentation
- positive regulation of kinase activity
- positive regulation of chemokine production
- antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
- positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- protein trimerization
- negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
- macromolecular complex assembly
- positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
- response to interferon-gamma
- positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis
- chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor
- T cell selection
- positive thymic T cell selection
- positive regulation of MAPK cascade
- negative regulation of peptide secretion
- positive regulation of monocyte differentiation
- negative regulation of T cell differentiation
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of T cell differentiation
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- immunoglobulin mediated immune response
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- prostaglandin biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
- positive regulation of B cell proliferation
- positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
- negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- negative thymic T cell selection
- negative regulation of cell migration
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- NOS2-CD74 complex
- MHC class II protein complex
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex
- external side of plasma membrane
- lysosomal lumen
- Golgi membrane
- multivesicular body
- vacuole
- lysosomal membrane
- plasma membrane
- cell surface
- nucleus
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
- transport vesicle membrane
- cytoplasm
- membrane
- ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
- macromolecular complex
- trans-Golgi network membrane
- endocytic vesicle membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove
- identical protein binding
- CD4 receptor binding
- MHC class II protein binding
- MHC class II protein complex binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- cytokine receptor activity
- protein binding
- protein binding involved in protein folding
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding
- nitric-oxide synthase binding
- cytokine binding