TREM2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein. The encoded protein functions in immune response and may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in this gene are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | TREM2 |
| Official Name | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:17761] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000095970 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 |
| Synonyms | AD17, DSP-7, PLOSL2, Trem2a, Trem2b, Trem2c, Trem2-Mia, Trem2-Mib, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human TREM2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- extracellular domain
- phospholipid binding
- lipid binding
- signaling receptor activity
- protein kinase binding
- Immunoglobulin V-Type
- beta-catenin binding
- immunoglobulin domain
- ectodomain
- phosphatidylethanolamine binding
- high-density lipoprotein binding
- low-density lipoprotein binding
- protein binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding
- binding protein
- semaphorin receptor binding
- Immunoglobulin like
- semaphorin receptor
- peptidoglycan binding
- kinase activator
- transmembrane receptor
- Immunoglobulin V-set domain
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the TREM2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- rheumatoid arthritis
- acute myeloid leukemia
- motor dysfunction
- Alzheimer disease type 17
- polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy type 2
- organismal death
- late-onset Alzheimer disease
- hereditary disorder
- Alzheimer disease
role in cell
- quantity
- expression in
- differentiation
- phosphorylation in
- binding
- formation
- formation in
- survival
- density
- apoptosis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- cellular membrane
- membrane rafts
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human TREM2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- respiratory burst after phagocytosis
- regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
- positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
- negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
- microglial cell activation involved in immune response
- response to axon injury
- negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
- positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
- regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
- memory
- phagocytosis, recognition
- phagocytosis, engulfment
- cellular response to glucose stimulus
- humoral immune response
- cellular response to hypoxia
- positive regulation of protein secretion
- positive regulation of TOR signaling cascade
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- regulation of TOR signaling cascade
- negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
- regulation of resting membrane potential
- positive regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
- apoptotic cell clearance
- dendritic spine maintenance
- negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
- detection of lipoteichoic acid
- regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production
- positive regulation of gene expression
- negative regulation of autophagy
- regulation of gene expression
- regulation of interleukin-6 production
- negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
- positive regulation of phagocytosis
- positive regulation of chemotaxis
- positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
- negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
- regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- astrocyte activation
- response to ischemia
- positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
- cellular response to lipid
- dendritic cell differentiation
- positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
- pyroptosis
- positive regulation of kinase activity
- negative regulation of fat cell proliferation
- positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- social behavior
- negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
- positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway
- lipid homeostasis
- positive regulation of macrophage fusion
- CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway
- osteoclast differentiation
- negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
- microglial cell activation
- cellular response to lipoteichoic acid
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- regulation of innate immune response
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- detection of peptidoglycan
- cellular response to peptidoglycan
- detection of lipopolysaccharide
- negative regulation of cholesterol storage
- positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
- regulation of lipid metabolic process
- negative regulation of cell activation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- membrane
- extracellular region
- plasma membrane
- cell surface
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- apolipoprotein binding
- kinase activator activity
- peptidoglycan binding
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding
- apolipoprotein A-I binding
- signaling receptor activity
- lipid binding
- beta-catenin binding
- high-density lipoprotein particle binding
- phospholipid binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding
- scaffold protein binding
- phosphatidylserine binding
- phosphatidylethanolamine binding
- protein binding
- transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- lipoteichoic acid binding
- low-density lipoprotein particle binding
- lipoprotein particle binding