IL1B Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | IL1B |
| Official Name | interleukin 1 beta [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:5992] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000125538 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | interleukin 1 beta |
| Synonyms | IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL-1F2, IL-1 β, interleukin 1 beta, Interleukin 1 β, OAF, Osteoclast-Activating Factor, Pro-IL-1beta, Pro-IL-1β |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human IL1B often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Interleukin-1 propeptide
- integrin binding
- protein domain specific binding
- receptor agonist activity
- protein binding
- cytokine
- beta-trefoil domain found in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the IL1B gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Acute Phase Response Signaling
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling
- Atherosclerosis Signaling
- Cholecystokinin/Gastrin-mediated Signaling
- Differential Regulation of Cytokine Production in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by IL-17A and IL-17F
- Differential Regulation of Cytokine Production in Macrophages and T Helper Cells by IL-17A and IL-17F
- Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Signaling
- FXR/RXR Activation
- GADD45 Signaling
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- Granzyme A Signaling
- IL-10 Signaling
- IL-6 Signaling
- Inflammasome pathway
- LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function
- LXR/RXR Activation
- NF-κB Signaling
- PPAR Signaling
- Role of Hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia in the Pathogenesis of Influenza
- Role of IL-17F in Allergic Inflammatory Airway Diseases
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses
- STAT3 Pathway
- Toll-like Receptor Signaling
- TREM1 Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- metastasis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- cancer
- zymosan-induced peritonitis
- psoriasis
- gastric cancer
- renal clear cell adenocarcinoma
- renal clear cell cancer
- burn
role in cell
- senescence
- cell death
- disassembly
- expression in
- upregulation in
- growth
- quantity
- apoptosis
- acetylation in
- invasion by
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- intracellular space
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- endosomes
- vesicles
- lysosome
- granules
- cytosol
- secretory granules
- axons
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human IL1B gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- JNK cascade
- positive regulation of mitosis
- positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of angiogenesis
- regulation of insulin secretion
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
- positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity
- positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of adiponectin secretion
- apoptotic process
- positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
- positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production
- regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
- monocyte aggregation
- vascular endothelial growth factor production
- negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
- defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
- positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
- positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production
- positive regulation of protein export from nucleus
- positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
- germ cell programmed cell death
- positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of synaptic transmission
- positive regulation of inflammatory response
- cell-cell signaling
- positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
- positive regulation of T cell proliferation
- positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus
- negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- negative regulation of glucose transport
- positive regulation of gene expression
- response to interleukin-1
- negative regulation of neurogenesis
- positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity
- hyaluronan biosynthetic process
- sequestering of triglyceride
- positive regulation of fever generation
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- regulation of neurogenesis
- positive regulation of cell migration
- positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
- positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
- positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
- positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- astrocyte activation
- positive regulation of cell division
- cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
- regulation of defense response to virus by host
- positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
- negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
- response to ATP
- signal transduction
- positive regulation of complement activation
- positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
- response to carbohydrate stimulus
- fever generation
- embryo implantation
- negative regulation of lipid metabolic process
- regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- cellular response to mechanical stimulus
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of JNK cascade
- smooth muscle adaptation
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
- neutrophil chemotaxis
- interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
- cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
- response to lipopolysaccharide
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- secretory granule
- cytosol
- extracellular region
- lysosome
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein domain specific binding
- protein binding
- integrin binding
- cytokine activity
- interleukin-1 receptor binding