IDO1 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) - a heme enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to N-formyl-kynurenine. This enzyme acts on multiple tryptophan substrates including D-tryptophan, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin. This enzyme is thought to play a role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as antimicrobial and antitumor defense, neuropathology, immunoregulation, and antioxidant activity. Through its expression in dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages this enzyme modulates T-cell behavior by its peri-cellular catabolization of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | IDO1 |
| Official Name | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:6059] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000131203 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 |
| Synonyms | IDO, IFN gamma INDUCIBLE INDOLEAMINE 2-3 DIOXYGENASE, IFN γ INDUCIBLE INDOLEAMINE 2-3 DIOXYGENASE, INDO, INDOLE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE, Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human IDO1 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- indole 2,3-dioxygenase
- electron carrier
- oxygen binding
- tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- enzyme
- protein binding
- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- amino acid binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the IDO1 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- epithelial neoplasia
- epithelial cancer
- cancer
- breast cancer
- prostate cancer
- gastrointestinal neoplasia
- diabetes mellitus
- COVID-19
- multiple sclerosis
- Alzheimer disease
role in cell
- growth
- proliferation
- expression in
- downregulation in
- growth in
- upregulation in
- production in
- accumulation in
- survival
- cellular infiltration by
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- cytosol
- stereocilia
- myofibrils
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human IDO1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
- negative regulation of interleukin-10 production
- kynurenic acid biosynthetic process
- regulation of activated T cell proliferation
- female pregnancy
- positive regulation of type 2 immune response
- tryptophan catabolic process
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
- positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction
- inflammatory response
- positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response
- negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of T cell proliferation
- tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
- T cell proliferation
- multicellular organismal response to stress
- response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- cytoplasm
- stereocilium bundle
- cytosol
- smooth muscle contractile fiber
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity
- metal ion binding
- electron carrier activity
- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity
- heme binding