IL10 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]
Details
| Type | Processed Transcript |
| Official Symbol | IL10 |
| Official Name | interleukin 10 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:5962] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136634 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | interleukin 10, cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, T-cell growth inhibitory factor |
| Synonyms | CSIF, GVHDS, If2a, IL10A, IL10X, interleukin 10, TGIF |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human IL10 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- protein dimerization
- interleukin-10 receptor binding
- protein binding
- cytokine
- Interleukin 10
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the IL10 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Activation of IRF by Cytosolic Pattern Recognition Receptors
- Airway Inflammation in Asthma
- Allograft Rejection Signaling
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Signaling
- Dendritic Cell Maturation
- Differential Regulation of Cytokine Production in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by IL-17A and IL-17F
- Differential Regulation of Cytokine Production in Macrophages and T Helper Cells by IL-17A and IL-17F
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- Hematopoiesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells
- IL-10 Signaling
- Role of Cytokines in Mediating Communication between Immune Cells
- Role of Hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia in the Pathogenesis of Influenza
- Role of JAK family kinases in IL-6-type Cytokine Signaling
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Signaling
- T Helper Cell Differentiation
- Th1 and Th2 Activation Pathway
- Th1 Pathway
- Th17 Activation Pathway
- Th2 Pathway
- TREM1 Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- anemia
- neoplasia
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
- prostate cancer
- infection
- pain
- arthritis
- cancer
- Barrett syndrome
role in cell
- proliferation
- activation in
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- cell viability
- inhibition in
- growth
- invasion by
- cell death
- cytotoxicity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- extracellular vesicles
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- intracellular space
- cytosol
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human IL10 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of interleukin-1 production
- cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB
- positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- response to molecule of bacterial origin
- negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
- chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- positive regulation of macrophage activation
- negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
- positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
- response to carbon monoxide
- negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
- negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
- response to inactivity
- negative regulation of interferon-alpha production
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- B cell differentiation
- regulation of synapse organization
- negative regulation of inflammatory response
- positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation
- branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis
- negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
- B cell proliferation
- defense response to bacterium
- negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
- negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
- negative regulation of autophagy
- negative regulation of interleukin-8 production
- regulation of gene expression
- response to activity
- endothelial cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- hemopoiesis
- negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of cell cycle
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of cytokine activity
- positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
- defense response to protozoan
- cellular response to estradiol stimulus
- negative regulation of B cell proliferation
- response to insulin stimulus
- response to glucocorticoid stimulus
- regulation of isotype switching
- negative regulation of interleukin-18 production
- negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
- positive regulation of receptor activity
- type 2 immune response
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- negative regulation of T cell proliferation
- cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
- positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
- negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
- positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process
- leukocyte chemotaxis
- negative regulation of interleukin-12 production
- positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
- negative regulation of cytokine production
- positive regulation of cytokine production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- growth factor activity
- protein binding
- interleukin-10 receptor binding
- protein dimerization activity
- cytokine activity