GIP Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GIP |
| Official Name | gastric inhibitory polypeptide [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4270] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000159224 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
| Synonyms | gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GLUCOSE DEPENDENT INSULINOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDE, GLUDINS, RATGLUDINS |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GIP often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Peptide hormone
- G-protein-coupled receptor binding
- hormone
- receptor agonist activity
- protein binding
- receptor binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GIP gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- diabetes mellitus
- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- obesity
- hypertension
- essential hypertension
- obstructive sleep apnea
- coronary artery disease
- knee osteoarthritis
- disorder of coronary artery
role in cell
- production in
- activation in
- binding in
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- cellular infiltration by
- quantity
- proliferation
- number
- apoptosis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- secretory granule lumen
- Cytoplasm
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- perikaryon
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GIP gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- exploration behavior
- response to amino acid stimulus
- response to starvation
- adult locomotory behavior
- response to axon injury
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- memory
- regulation of insulin secretion
- response to glucose stimulus
- digestive system development
- long-term synaptic potentiation
- response to lipid
- positive regulation of insulin secretion
- triglyceride homeostasis
- endocrine pancreas development
- signal transduction
- female pregnancy
- positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
- response to organic cyclic compound
- adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- response to peptide hormone stimulus
- regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of glucose transport
- sensory perception of pain
- response to selenium ion
- response to acidity
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- extracellular space
- secretory granule lumen
- neuronal cell body
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- glucagon receptor binding
- gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding
- protein binding
- hormone activity