TXNRD2 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | TXNRD2 |
| Official Name | thioredoxin reductase 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:18155] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000184470 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | thioredoxin reductase 2, thioredoxin reductase beta, selenoprotein Z |
| Synonyms | ESTM573010, GCCD5, SELZ, TGR, thioredoxin reductase 2, TR, TR3, TR-BETA, TRXR2, Trxrd2, TR-β, TXNR2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human TXNRD2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins
- mycothione reductase
- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
- enzyme
- protein binding
- thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein
- Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain
- mercury(II) reductase
- trypanothione-disulfide reductase
- binding protein
- glutathione-disulfide reductase, plant
- Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase
- protein homodimerization
- glutathione-disulfide reductase, animal/bacterial
- thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the TXNRD2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- hypoplasia
- glaucoma
- abdominal aortic aneurysm
- open-angle glaucoma
- glucocorticoid deficiency 5
- anemia
regulates
- nitric oxide
- hydrogen peroxide
- protein-protein complex
- TXN
role in cell
- proliferation
- cell death
- hematopoiesis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- mitochondrial matrix
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human TXNRD2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- response to hyperoxia
- response to selenium ion
- response to oxygen radical
- cell redox homeostasis
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- dendrite
- mitochondrial matrix
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrion
- cytosol
- neuronal cell body
- axon
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein homodimerization activity
- protein binding
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity