TXN Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is active in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins, which is part of the response to intracellular nitric oxide. This protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | TXN |
| Official Name | thioredoxin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:12435] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136810 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | thioredoxin |
| Synonyms | ADF, EOSINOPHIL CYTOTOXICITY FACTOR, thioredoxin, Thioredoxin-1, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, TXN1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human TXN often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- catalytic domain
- protein disulfide oxidoreductase
- Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins with a Thioredoxin fold
- enzyme binding
- active site
- protein homodimerization
- enzyme
- protein binding
- thioredoxin
- thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
- protein-disulfide reductase
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the TXN gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- cardiac fibrosis
- neoplasia
- liver cancer
- epithelial cancer
- obesity
- colorectal cancer
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- Huntington disease
- aortic valve calcification
- metastasis
role in cell
- expression in
- cell death
- phosphorylation in
- production in
- apoptosis
- outgrowth
- growth
- synthesis in
- proliferation
- migration
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- focal adhesions
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
- nucleoli
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human TXN gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
- negative regulation of protein export from nucleus
- response to radiation
- cell redox homeostasis
- positive regulation of DNA binding
- response to nitric oxide
- activation of protein kinase B activity
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytoplasm
- cytosol
- extracellular region
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- RNA binding
- protein binding
- protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
- protein homodimerization activity
- protein-disulfide reductase activity
- thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity