HLA-DRA Gene Summary [Human]
HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. This molecule is expressed on the surface of various antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages, and plays a central role in the immune system and response by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins, in particular, pathogen-derived peptides to T cells. The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. DRA does not have polymorphisms in the peptide binding part and acts as the sole alpha chain for DRB1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | HLA-DRA |
| Official Name | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4947] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000204287 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha |
| Synonyms | DA1, H2-Ea, Histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E alpha, Histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E α, HLA CLASS II, HLA CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN alpha CHAIN precursor, HLA CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN α CHAIN precursor, HLA-DRA1, HLA-DR alpha, HLA-DR ANTIGEN alpha CHAIN, HLA-DR ANTIGEN α CHAIN, HLA-DR α, major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha, major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR α, MHC-DRA, MHCIIalpha, MHCIIα, MLRW, RT1 class II, locus Da, RT1-Da, RT1-u |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human HLA-DRA often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Immunoglobulin C1-set domain
- immunoglobulin domain
- transmembrane domain
- Class II histocompatibility antigen, alpha domain
- T-cell receptor binding
- protein binding
- polysaccharide binding
- transmembrane receptor
- peptide antigen binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the HLA-DRA gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- acute myeloid leukemia
- Parkinson disease
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- T-cell non-Hodgkin disease
- Sjögren syndrome
- osteoporosis
- sarcoidosis
- asthma
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- atopic dermatitis
regulates
- HA
- DNA promoter
- DNA endogenous promoter
role in cell
- activation in
- activation
- cytotoxicity
- differentiation
- interferon gamma response
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- membrane fraction
- endocytic vesicle membrane
- cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- cell surface
- cellular membrane
- vesicles
- lysosome
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- immunological synapses
- MHC class II compartments
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- Golgi membrane
- trans Golgi network
- lysosome membrane
- endosomal membrane
- membrane rafts
- exosomes
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human HLA-DRA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
- regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
- adaptive immune response
- positive regulation of T cell activation
- myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
- immune response
- peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex
- cognition
- antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
- positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
- positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
- antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
- positive regulation of immune response
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- MHC class II protein complex
- Golgi membrane
- lysosomal membrane
- plasma membrane
- immunological synapse
- cell surface
- lysosome
- early endosome membrane
- late endosome membrane
- transport vesicle membrane
- clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
- trans-Golgi network membrane
- endocytic vesicle membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein binding
- peptide antigen binding
- MHC class II receptor activity
- T cell receptor binding
- MHC class II protein complex binding
- polysaccharide binding