ENPP2 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | ENPP2 |
| Official Name | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:3357] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136960 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, autotaxin |
| Synonyms | Atx, AUTOTAXIN, Ectonucleotidase 2, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, LysoPLD, NPP2, Npps2, PDNP2, Phosphodiesterase I, XSG17 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human ENPP2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- phosphodiesterase I
- Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
- alkaline phosphatases and sulfatases
- DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
- lysophospholipase
- catalytic domain
- calcium ion binding
- alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase
- enzyme
- Somatomedin B domain
- zinc ion binding
- NUC
- nucleotide diphosphatase
- hydrolase
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- colitis
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- metastasis
- endometrial cancer
- liver cancer
- epithelial cancer
- major depression
- edema
- glioblastoma
- glioblastoma cancer
role in cell
- apoptosis
- formation
- proliferation
- outgrowth
- migration
- polarization
- chemotaxis
- binding in
- size
- accumulation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- cellular membrane
- Golgi Apparatus
- alpha granules
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human ENPP2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cell motility
- chemotaxis
- vesicle-mediated transport
- immune response
- phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
- positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis
- phospholipid catabolic process
- positive regulation of epithelial cell migration
- regulation of cell migration
- positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- sphingolipid catabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- nucleic acid binding
- lysophospholipase activity
- zinc ion binding
- phosphodiesterase I activity
- calcium ion binding
- scavenger receptor activity
- alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity
- hydrolase activity
- polysaccharide binding