PPARG Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PPARG |
| Official Name | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9236] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000132170 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma |
| Synonyms | CIMT1, FPLD3, GLM1, NR1C3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ, Pparg1, PPARG5, PPAR-gamma, PPAR gamma 3, PPAR-γ, PPAR γ 3, receptor γ |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PPARG often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- SMAD binding
- peptide binding
- transcription regulator
- A-B domain
- A/B region
- DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers
- transcription factor binding
- AF-2 transcription activation domain
- chromatin binding
- estrogen receptor binding
- PPAR gamma N-terminal region
- identical protein binding
- fxfp sequence
- hormone binding domain
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- nuclear receptor ligand binding domain
- DE domain
- AF-1 domain
- zinc ion binding
- ligand-binding domain
- ligand-dependent nuclear receptor
- MAP kinase site
- a/b binding pocket
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional activator activity
- DBD domain binding
- DNA binding domain
- nucleic acid binding
- actinin binding
- protein phosphatase binding
- alpha helix
- enzyme binding
- WW domain binding
- arachidonic acid binding
- protein binding
- LBD domain binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- phosphorylation site
- double-stranded DNA binding
- hinge domain
- retinoid X receptor binding
- zinc finger domain
- catenin binding domain
- Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor
- transcription factor activity
- SUMO-1 modification site
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PPARG gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Adipogenesis pathway
- Adrenomedullin signaling pathway
- Cellular Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra)
- ERK/MAPK Signaling
- FXR/RXR Activation
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- Osteoarthritis Pathway
- PEDF Signaling
- Polyamine Regulation in Colon Cancer
- PPAR Signaling
- RAR Activation
- Sirtuin Signaling Pathway
- TR/RXR Activation
- Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
- Unfolded protein response
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- stroke
- Alzheimer disease
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- liver cancer
- epithelial cancer
- muscle weakness
- hypertension
- infection
- neoplasia
role in cell
- degradation in
- proliferation
- activation in
- quantity
- binding in
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- production in
- formation
- formation in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- perinuclear region
- vacuole
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
- pseudopodia
- chromatin
- cytoplasmic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PPARG gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of angiogenesis
- negative regulation of mitochondrial fission
- positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
- positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
- hormone-mediated signaling pathway
- white fat cell differentiation
- long-chain fatty acid transport
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- BMP signaling pathway
- positive regulation of adiponectin secretion
- activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
- cellular response to hypoxia
- monocyte differentiation
- peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
- mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of inflammatory response
- response to nutrient
- epithelial cell differentiation
- negative regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of gene expression
- glucose homeostasis
- macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
- negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
- cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
- negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
- regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- regulation of circadian rhythm
- placenta development
- lipoprotein transport
- negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
- positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
- response to lipid
- regulation of cholesterol transporter activity
- negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
- negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
- signal transduction
- negative regulation of receptor activity
- lipid homeostasis
- cell maturation
- regulation of blood pressure
- negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
- fatty acid metabolic process
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
- rhythmic process
- innate immune response
- lipid metabolic process
- cell fate commitment
- cell differentiation
- negative regulation of lipid storage
- negative regulation of cholesterol storage
- negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- cytosol
- receptor complex
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- double-stranded DNA binding
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- alpha-actinin binding
- peptide binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
- sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- prostaglandin receptor activity
- DBD domain binding
- ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- LBD domain binding
- E-box binding
- identical protein binding
- zinc ion binding
- chromatin binding
- retinoid X receptor binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- nucleic acid binding
- DNA binding
- transcription cofactor binding
- protein binding
- R-SMAD binding
- arachidonic acid binding
- enzyme binding