GRK2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family of proteins. The encoded protein phosphorylates the beta-adrenergic receptor as well as a wide range of other substrates including non-GPCR cell surface receptors, and cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and transcription factor proteins. Data from rodent models supports a role for this gene in embryonic development, heart function and metabolism. Elevated expression of this gene has been observed in human patients with heart failure and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GRK2 |
| Official Name | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:289] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000173020 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 |
| Synonyms | Adbrk1, ADRBK1, BARK1, beta ARK, BETA-ARK1, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, β adrenergic receptor kinase, β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1, β ARK, β-ARK1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GRK2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- protein serine/threonine kinase
- Protein kinase (unclassified specificity)
- protein kinase
- G beta gamma protein binding domain
- Protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase
- RGS homology domain
- G-protein-coupled receptor binding
- beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase
- Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain superfamily
- protein binding
- Pleckstrin homology-like domain
- Protein kinase domain
- kinase
- Regulator of G protein signaling domain
- Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
- kinase domain
- G-protein coupled receptor kinase
- Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
- Extension to Ser/Thr-type protein kinases
- G protein beta subunit binding domain
- PH domain
- Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GRK2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- edema
- thrombosis
- intrauterine growth retardation
- hypothermia
- hyperalgesia
- splenomegaly
- osteoarthritis
- hypoplasia
- heart failure
- aortic valve calcification
role in cell
- expression in
- growth
- cell death
- survival
- quantity
- activation in
- apoptosis
- phosphorylation in
- proliferation
- migration
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- glutaminergic synapse
- presynaptic regions
- cilia
- cellular membrane
- Plasma Membrane
- cytosol
- apical membrane
- caveolae
- basolateral membrane
- mitochondrial outer membrane
- dendritic spines
- synapse
- intercalated disks
- Z line
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- postsynaptic density
- axon terminals
- dendritic shafts
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GRK2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- viral entry into host cell
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
- cardiac muscle contraction
- negative regulation of striated muscle contraction
- protein phosphorylation
- tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
- regulation of the force of heart contraction
- heart development
- positive regulation of catecholamine secretion
- desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
- negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
- viral genome replication
- peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
- receptor internalization
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- cytoplasm
- membrane
- cilium
- cytosol
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- ATP binding
- G-protein coupled receptor binding
- protein binding
- beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity
- G-protein coupled receptor kinase activity
- protein kinase activity
- alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding
- Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding