GPX3 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is secreted, and is abundantly found in plasma. Downregulation of expression of this gene by promoter hypermethylation has been observed in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia. This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GPX3 |
| Official Name | glutathione peroxidase 3 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4555] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000211445 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | glutathione peroxidase 3, selenoprotein GPX3 |
| Synonyms | EGPx, glutathione peroxidase 3, GPx, GPx-P, GSHPx-3, GSHPx-P, Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GPX3 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- mercury ion binding
- Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins with a Thioredoxin fold
- enzyme
- protein binding
- glutathione peroxidase
- identical protein binding
- selenium binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GPX3 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- invasive breast cancer
- prostate cancer
- acute myeloid leukemia
- epithelial cancer
- chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
- chromophobe renal cancer
- clear-cell ovarian carcinoma
- clear cell ovarian cancer
- non-small cell lung cancer
- lung adenocarcinoma
regulates
- malondialdehyde
- reactive oxygen species
- hydrogen peroxide
- GPX3
- 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine
- selenium
role in cell
- apoptosis
- growth
- generation in
- migration
- aggregation
- hypertrophy
- invasion by
- competitiveness
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- cytosol
- apical vesicles
- plasma
- basement membrane
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GPX3 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- response to lipid hydroperoxide
- hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- identical protein binding
- protein binding
- glutathione peroxidase activity
- selenium binding