Glul Gene Summary [Rat]
Enables several functions, including anion binding activity; dynein light chain binding activity; and metal ion binding activity. Involved in glutamine metabolic process; positive regulation of cell communication; and positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation. Located in axon terminus; myelin sheath; and perikaryon. Part of protein-containing complex. Used to study epilepsy; obesity; and temporal lobe epilepsy. Biomarker of diabetic retinopathy; middle cerebral artery infarction; and transient cerebral ischemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital glutamine deficiency; epilepsy (multiple); heart disease; and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Orthologous to human GLUL (glutamate-ammonia ligase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Glul |
| Official Name | glutamate-ammonia ligase [Source:RGD Symbol;Acc:2710] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSRNOG00000049560 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | glutamate-ammonia ligase |
| Synonyms | DEE116, GLNS, Glutamate-ammonia Ligase, Glutamine Synthase, Glutamine Synthetase, GS, PIG43, PIG59 |
| Species | Rat, Rattus norvegicus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in rat Glul often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Glutamine synthetase, beta-Grasp domain
- nickel ion binding
- ATP binding
- dynein light chain binding
- protein-cysteine S-palmitoleyltransferase
- glutamate binding
- enzyme
- protein binding
- manganese ion binding
- magnesium ion binding
- glutamine synthetase
- identical protein binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Glul gene in rat plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- epithelial neoplasia
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- epithelial cancer
- cancer
- liver cancer
- glutamine synthase deficiency
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 16
- liver neoplasia
role in cell
- differentiation
- degradation in
- expression in
- apoptosis
- migration
- activation in
- proliferation
- S phase
- invasion
- G1 phase
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- myelin enriched fraction
- Plasma Membrane
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- cytoplasmic droplets
- myelin sheath
- glial cell projections
- cellular protrusions
- perikaryon
- axon terminals
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the rat Glul gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cell proliferation
- glutamate catabolic process
- regulation of endothelial cell migration
- response to glucose stimulus
- angiogenesis
- ribosome biogenesis
- glutamine biosynthetic process
- protein palmitoylation
- cellular response to starvation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytoplasm
- cell body
- mitochondrion
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- ATP binding
- identical protein binding
- protein-cysteine S-palmitoleyltransferase activity
- protein binding
- metal ion binding
- glutamate-ammonia ligase activity