AZU1 Gene Summary [Human]
Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a mature azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | AZU1 |
| Official Name | azurocidin 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:913] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000172232 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | azurocidin 1, cationic antimicrobial protein 37, heparin-binding protein, neutrophil azurocidin |
| Synonyms | AZAMP, AZU, AZUROCIDIN, azurocidin 1, CAP37, cationic antimicrobial protein 37, HBP, hHBP, HUMAZUR, NAZC |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human AZU1 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Trypsin-like serine protease
- trypsin
- Tryp_SPc
- binding protein
- peptidase
- protein binding
- heparin binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the AZU1 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- immune thrombocytopenia
- organismal death
- aortic valve calcification
- acute lung injury
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- HER2 negative hormone receptor negative breast cancer
role in cell
- growth
- phosphorylation in
- apoptosis
- adhesion
- disruption
- killing
- migration
- activation
- chemotaxis
- permeability
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- mitochondrial fraction
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- azurophil granule lumen
- Extracellular Space
- cell periphery
- intracellular space
- perinuclear region
- cellular membrane
- vesicles
- Mitochondria
- secretory granule membrane
- granules
- lysosome membrane
- secretory vesicles
- azurophil granules
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human AZU1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- protein kinase C signaling cascade
- positive regulation of cell adhesion
- positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
- glial cell migration
- monocyte activation
- cell chemotaxis
- positive regulation of fractalkine production
- inflammatory response
- macrophage chemotaxis
- defense response to virus
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
- induction of positive chemotaxis
- monocyte extravasation
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
- regulation of vascular permeability
- protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- microglial cell activation
- cellular extravasation
- positive regulation of protein kinase activity
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of gene expression
- proteolysis
- positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
- antimicrobial humoral response
- positive regulation of phagocytosis
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- membrane
- azurophil granule
- extracellular region
- azurophil granule membrane
- azurophil granule lumen
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- toxin binding
- protein binding
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
- serine-type endopeptidase activity
- heparin binding
- peptidase activity