CALR Gene Summary [Human]
Calreticulin is a highly conserved chaperone protein which resides primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in a variety of cellular processes, among them, cell adhesion. Additionally, it functions in protein folding quality control and calcium homeostasis. Calreticulin is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin. Recurrent mutations in calreticulin have been linked to various neoplasms, including the myeloproliferative type.[provided by RefSeq, May 2020]
Details
| Type | Retained Intron |
| Official Symbol | CALR |
| Official Name | calreticulin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:1455] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000179218 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | calreticulin, Sicca syndrome antigen A (autoantigen Ro; calreticulin), autoantigen Ro |
| Synonyms | Calbindin-57kd, CALR1, Calregulin, calreticulin, CALRETICULIN isoform 1, cC1qR, CRT, HEL-S-99n, RO, SSA |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human CALR often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- peptide binding
- hormone binding
- transcription regulator
- mRNA binding
- C-terminal acidic domain
- calcium ion binding
- androgen receptor binding
- iron ion binding
- protein binding
- proline rich domain
- P domain
- Calreticulin family
- binding protein
- zinc ion binding
- integrin binding
- chaperone binding
- carbohydrate binding
- nuclear export signal receptor
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the CALR gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- breast cancer
- adenoma formation
- delayed hypersensitive reaction
- organismal death
- myeloproliferative disorder
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- JAK2 exon 12 mutation negative JAK2 V617F mutation negative polycythemia vera
- primary JAK2 mutation negative myelofibrosis
role in cell
- cell death
- cell viability
- apoptosis
- proliferation
- activation in
- molecular cleavage in
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- migration
- differentiation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- microsomal fraction
- nuclear fraction
- soluble fraction
- nuclear matrix fraction
- membrane fraction
- pH resistant lipid raft fraction
- detergent resistant lipid raft fraction
- glutaminergic synapse
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- perinuclear region
- postsynaptic region
- organelle lumens
- cellular membrane
- ribosome
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Mitochondria
- polysomes
- lipid droplets
- granules
- ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment
- calciosome
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum compartments
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- cisternae
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- perinuclear space
- nuclear envelope
- acrosome
- cortical granules
- cytotoxic granule
- photoreceptor inner segments
- dense-core vesicles
- smooth endoplasmatic reticulum
- rough endoplasmatic reticulum
- extracellular matrix
- perikaryon
- pre-Golgi intermediate vesicles
- phagosomes
- plasma
- phagocytic cups
- detergent-soluble fraction
- cytoplasmic fraction
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human CALR gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- cellular senescence
- negative regulation of neuron differentiation
- positive regulation of cell cycle
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
- sequestering of calcium ion
- cellular response to electrical stimulus
- response to testosterone stimulus
- protein localization to nucleus
- cardiac muscle cell differentiation
- negative regulation of translation
- positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
- glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
- protein maturation by protein folding
- spermatogenesis
- regulation of meiosis
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
- protein export from nucleus
- protein folding
- cellular calcium ion homeostasis
- cellular response to lithium ion
- peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
- positive regulation of gene expression
- response to estradiol stimulus
- positive regulation of phagocytosis
- protein stabilization
- protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- external side of plasma membrane
- extracellular region
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- focal adhesion
- acrosomal vesicle
- cytosol
- sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
- endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
- cortical granule
- MHC class I peptide loading complex
- endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
- endoplasmic reticulum
- ribosome
- cell surface
- nuclear envelope
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- cytolytic granule
- cytoplasm
- endocytic vesicle lumen
- membrane
- phagocytic vesicle membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- zinc ion binding
- hormone binding
- unfolded protein binding
- integrin binding
- peptide binding
- nuclear export signal receptor activity
- DNA binding
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- protein binding involved in protein folding
- RNA binding
- protein binding
- androgen receptor binding
- iron ion binding
- calcium ion binding
- chaperone binding
- mRNA binding
- complement component C1q binding
- carbohydrate binding