GAL Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Details
| Type | Processed Transcript |
| Official Symbol | GAL |
| Official Name | galanin and GMAP prepropeptide [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4114] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000069482 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | galanin and GMAP prepropeptide, galanin-message-associated peptide |
| Synonyms | ETL8, galanin and GMAP prepropeptide, GAL-GMAP, GALN, GLNN, GMAP |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GAL often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)
- G-protein-coupled receptor binding
- Galanin
- protein binding
- neuropeptide hormone
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GAL gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- obesity
- COVID-19
- neoplasia
- familial temporal lobe epilepsy type 8
- senile lentigo
- weight gain
- generalized seizures
- pheochromocytoma
- pheochromocytoma formation
- edema
role in cell
- cell cycle progression
- apoptosis
- cell death
- migration
- proliferation
- quantity
- activation in
- outgrowth
- length
- long-term potentiation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- membrane fraction
- Cytoplasm
- cellular membrane
- nerve ending
- secretory granules
- perikaryon
- axons
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GAL gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- response to estrogen stimulus
- insulin secretion
- feeding behavior
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of cortisol secretion
- regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
- neuropeptide signaling pathway
- negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
- positive regulation of catagen
- response to insulin stimulus
- protein kinase A signaling cascade
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- response to immobilization stress
- cAMP-mediated signaling
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- secretory granule
- neuronal cell body
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- galanin receptor activity
- protein binding
- neuropeptide hormone activity
- type 2 galanin receptor binding
- type 3 galanin receptor binding
- galanin receptor binding
- type 1 galanin receptor binding