PRL Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PRL |
| Official Name | prolactin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9445] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000172179 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | prolactin |
| Synonyms | Dlt, GHA1, Prl1a1, PRLB, PRLSD1, Prol, Prolactin, RATPRLSD1, RNPROL |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PRL often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- receptor binding domain
- prolactin receptor binding
- Somatotropin/prolactin hormone family
- signal peptide
- hormone
- protein binding
- cytokine
- phosphorylation site
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PRL gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- cancer
- neoplasia
- diabetes mellitus
- pancreatic cancer
- breast cancer
- organismal death
- psoriasis
- metastasis
- early-onset morbid obesity
- epithelial neoplasia
role in cell
- phosphorylation in
- activation in
- apoptosis
- quantity
- cell viability
- production in
- expression in
- proliferation
- formation in
- differentiation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- membrane fraction
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi region
- cell periphery
- perinuclear region
- Nucleus
- endosomes
- vesicles
- lysosome
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- cytosol
- microsome
- basolateral membrane
- basal membrane
- Golgi stacks
- secretory granules
- perikaryon
- Golgi vesicles
- clathrin-coated vesicles
- plasma
- basement membrane
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PRL gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of angiogenesis
- mammary gland development
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- prolactin signaling pathway
- female pregnancy
- lactation
- negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
- cell surface receptor signaling pathway
- response to nutrient levels
- positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- endosome lumen
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein binding
- hormone activity
- prolactin receptor binding