CSTA Gene Summary [Human]
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins, and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. Stefins have been proposed as prognostic and diagnostic tools for cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | CSTA |
| Official Name | cystatin A [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:2481] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000121552 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | cystatin A, stefin A |
| Synonyms | AREI, CYSTATIN A, PSS4, stefin A, STF1, STFA |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human CSTA often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- CY
- cysteine protease inhibitor activity
- protease binding
- protein binding
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- septic shock
- psoriasis
- depressive disorder
- endometriosis
- ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens-like autosomal recessive exfoliative ichthyosis
- oral squamous cell carcinoma
- squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity
- nonobstructive azoospermia
- metabolic syndrome X
- cutaneous sarcoidosis
role in cell
- differentiation
- apoptosis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- nuclear fraction
- cornified envelope
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human CSTA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- keratinocyte differentiation
- negative regulation of proteolysis
- peptide cross-linking
- negative regulation of peptidase activity
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- cornified envelope
- cytoplasm
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein binding
- cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- protease binding