HMGB2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | HMGB2 |
| Official Name | high mobility group box 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:5000] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000164104 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | high mobility group box 2 |
| Synonyms | High mobility group 2, high mobility group box 2, HMG-2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human HMGB2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- transcription regulator
- transcription co-activator
- lipid binding
- nucleic acid binding
- chemoattractant
- high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily
- DNA secondary structure binding
- DNA bending protein
- transcription factor binding
- protein domain specific binding
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- damaged DNA binding
- single-stranded DNA binding
- double-stranded DNA binding
- HMG (high mobility group) box
- HMG-box domain
- high mobility group
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the HMGB2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- Huntington disease
- non-small cell lung cancer
- organismal death
- septic shock
- pituitary gland adenoma
- adenoma formation
- head and neck neuroendocrine neoplasia
- lymphomagenesis
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- colon cancer
role in cell
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- proliferation
- binding in
- apoptosis
- survival
- cell death
- chemotaxis
- extension
- degeneration
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- Cytoplasm
- Extracellular Space
- perinuclear region
- chromosome
- nucleoplasm
- nucleoli
- chromatin
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human HMGB2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- DNA geometric change
- male gonad development
- positive chemotaxis
- regulation of stem cell proliferation
- DNA topological change
- induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors
- double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
- chromatin organization
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
- cell chemotaxis
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of interferon-beta production
- defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
- V(D)J recombination
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
- positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
- spermatid nucleus differentiation
- response to steroid hormone stimulus
- nucleosome assembly
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of innate immune response
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- innate immune response
- response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
- regulation of neurogenesis
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- condensed chromosome
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- cytoplasm
- macromolecular complex
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein domain specific binding
- double-stranded DNA binding
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding, bending
- core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- chemoattractant activity
- transcription factor binding
- non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
- damaged DNA binding
- four-way junction DNA binding
- single-stranded DNA binding
- supercoiled DNA binding
- DNA binding
- protein binding
- RNA binding
- transcription coactivator activity
- RAGE receptor binding