ESR2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the family of estrogen receptors and superfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors. The gene product contains an N-terminal DNA binding domain and C-terminal ligand binding domain and is localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. Some isoforms dominantly inhibit the activity of other estrogen receptor family members. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | ESR2 |
| Official Name | estrogen receptor 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:3468] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000140009 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | estrogen receptor 2, ER beta, estrogen receptor beta, oestrogen receptor beta, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 2 |
| Synonyms | beta ESTROGEN receptor, Erb, ER[b], ERB2, ER-beta, ER-β, ESRB, ESR-BETA, ESR-β, ESTRB, estrogen receptor 2, estrogen receptor 2 (beta), estrogen receptor 2 (β), estrogen receptor beta, Estrogen receptor β, NR3A2, ODG8, β ESTROGEN receptor |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human ESR2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- zinc finger DNA binding domain
- LXXLL motif
- transcription regulator
- steroid hormone receptor
- A/B region
- DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers
- transcription activation domain
- AF-2 transcription activation domain
- chromatin binding
- F domain
- hormone binding domain
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- nuclear receptor ligand binding domain
- P-box
- peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding
- AF-1 domain
- ligand-binding domain
- estrogen receptor
- ligand-dependent nuclear receptor
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional activator activity
- hormone binding
- estrogen receptor C domain
- estrogen receptor A/B domain
- DNA binding domain
- amphipathic helix
- nucleic acid binding
- enzyme binding
- protein binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- steroid binding
- binding protein
- Estrogen receptor beta
- estrogen receptor alpha E/F domain
- double-stranded DNA binding
- hinge domain
- zinc finger domain
- Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor
- C-terminal extension
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the ESR2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- astrocytosis
- neoplasia
- epithelial cancer
- Alzheimer disease
- pain
- obesity
- psoriasis
- major depression
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- hypertension
role in cell
- expression in
- activation in
- function
- phosphorylation in
- production in
- proliferation
- number
- quantity
- activation
- recruitment in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- plasma membrane fraction
- nuclear fraction
- soluble fraction
- nuclear membrane fraction
- mitochondrial fraction
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- perinuclear mitochondria
- peripheral mitochondria
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- perinuclear region
- Plasma Membrane
- vesicles
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- microsome
- caveolae
- inner nuclear membrane
- nucleoplasm
- dendritic spines
- nerve ending
- chromatin
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- axon terminals
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human ESR2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- cellular response to estradiol stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- negative regulation of cell growth
- signal transduction
- cell-cell signaling
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- cellular response to estrogen stimulus
- intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- mitochondrion
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- zinc ion binding
- estrogen response element binding
- estrogen receptor activity
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- receptor antagonist activity
- steroid binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- DNA binding
- protein binding
- ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- steroid hormone receptor activity
- enzyme binding