Penk Gene Summary [Rat]
Predicted to enable opioid peptide activity and opioid receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to cAMP; cellular response to virus; and general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process. Located in several cellular components, including cell body fiber; perikaryon; and symmetric synapse. Is active in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen and synaptic vesicle lumen. Used to study heroin dependence. Biomarker of Parkinson's disease; alcohol use disorder; dystonia; epilepsy; and spinal disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in overactive bladder syndrome. Orthologous to human PENK (proenkephalin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Penk |
| Official Name | proenkephalin [Source:RGD Symbol;Acc:68946] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSRNOG00000008943 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | proenkephalin |
| Synonyms | ENK, HUMENK2, [Met5]enkephalin, Met-Enk, PE, Pea, PENK1, Penk2, PENK-A, Penk-rs, PPA, PPE, Ppenk, Preproenkephalin, proenkephalin, proenkephalin A |
| Species | Rat, Rattus norvegicus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in rat Penk often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
- signal sequence domain
- G-protein-coupled receptor binding
- receptor agonist activity
- protein binding
- neuropeptide hormone
- opioid peptide
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Penk gene in rat plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- Alzheimer disease
- motor dysfunction
- Huntington disease
- endometriosis
- osteoarthritis
- allodynia
- hypertension
role in cell
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- proliferation
- activity
- growth
- quantity
- binding
- chemotaxis
- desensitization
- hyperpolarization
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- membrane fraction
- secretory granule lumen
- Cytoplasm
- organelle lumens
- vesicles
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- neurites
- nerve ending
- synapse
- secretory vesicles
- secretory granules
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- axon terminals
- mossy fibers
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the rat Penk gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- locomotory exploration behavior
- response to toxin
- response to ethanol
- response to hypoxia
- aggressive behavior
- response to epinephrine stimulus
- startle response
- osteoblast differentiation
- transmission of nerve impulse
- general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process
- opioid receptor signaling pathway
- signal transduction
- synaptic transmission
- response to nicotine
- behavioral fear response
- sensory perception
- cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
- neuropeptide signaling pathway
- positive regulation of behavioral fear response
- response to calcium ion
- cellular response to cAMP
- response to estradiol stimulus
- sensory perception of pain
- cellular response to oxidative stress
- response to lipopolysaccharide
- response to immobilization stress
- glial cell proliferation
- cellular response to vitamin D
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- synaptic vesicle lumen
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- dendrite
- symmetric synapse
- cell body fiber
- chromaffin granule lumen
- neuronal cell body
- perikaryon
- extracellular region
- axon terminus
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- opioid peptide activity
- opioid receptor binding
- neuropeptide hormone activity