Polg Gene Summary [Rat]
Enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to glucose stimulus; response to gamma radiation; and response to hyperoxia. Located in terminal bouton. Part of gamma DNA polymerase complex. Used to study Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarker of status epilepticus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (multiple); mitochondrial myopathy (multiple); neurodegenerative disease (multiple); ovarian disease (multiple); and sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis. Orthologous to human POLG (DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Polg |
| Official Name | DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit [Source:RGD Symbol;Acc:620057] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSRNOG00000032293 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit |
| Synonyms | DNA POLYMERASE gamma, DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit, DNA POLYMERASE γ, DNA polymerase γ, catalytic subunit, MDP1, MIRAS, MTDPS4A, MTDPS4B, PEO, POLG1, POLGA, POLgamma, polymerase (DNA directed), gamma, polymerase (DNA directed), γ, polymerase, γ, POLγ, SANDO, SCAE |
| Species | Rat, Rattus norvegicus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in rat Polg often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- DNA polymerase family A, 5'-3' polymerase domain
- 3'-5' exonuclease
- DNA mitochondrial polymerase exonuclease domain
- DNA-directed DNA polymerase
- protease binding
- exonuclease
- chromatin binding
- enzyme
- protein binding
- single-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease
- carbon-oxygen lyase
- DNA binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Polg gene in rat plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy
- Leigh syndrome
- mitochondrial disorder
- infection
- POLG-related disorder
- hereditary disorder
- HIV infection
- autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions type 1
- sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
role in cell
- growth
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- autophagy in
- proliferation
- quantity
- maximum respiratory capacity
- damage
- function
- loss
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- Mitochondria
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial nucleoids
- mitochondrial outer membrane
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- perinuclear space
- mitoplasts
- axon terminals
- cytoplasmic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the rat Polg gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- base-excision repair
- DNA-dependent DNA replication
- DNA biosynthetic process
- mitochondrial DNA replication
- base-excision repair, gap-filling
- DNA replication proofreading
- DNA metabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- mitochondrial matrix
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- mitochondrion
- macromolecular complex
- gamma DNA polymerase complex
- mitochondrial nucleoid
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- DNA binding
- 3'-5' exonuclease activity
- DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
- protein binding
- 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity
- protease binding
- single-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
- chromatin binding