RELA Gene Summary [Human]
NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | RELA |
| Official Name | RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9955] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000173039 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit |
| Synonyms | AIF3BL3, CMCU, NF-kappa B, NF-kappa B (p65), NF KAPPA B subunit P65, NFkB, NFKB3, NF-k B (p65), NFkB/p65, NF-κ B, NF-κ B (p65), NF-κB p65, NF κ B subunit P65, nos2, p65, p65 NF-kappa B, p65 NFkB, p65 NF-κ B, p65/Rela, RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human RELA often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- peptide binding
- transcription regulator
- Rel homology dimerization domain
- caspase cleavage site
- transcription activation domain
- transcription factor binding
- chromatin binding
- cleavage site
- identical protein binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- homodimerization domain
- p50 binding domain
- nucleolar targeting motif
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional activator activity
- activation domain
- dimerization domain
- protein kinase binding
- DNA binding domain
- nucleic acid binding
- IPT
- GSK3 beta phosphorylation site
- actinin binding
- NF-kappaB binding
- calmodulin binding domain
- nuclear localization sequence
- enzyme binding
- histone deacetylase binding
- protein domain specific binding
- protein binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- phosphate binding
- DNA binding
- phosphorylation site
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional repressor activity
- binding protein
- double-stranded DNA binding
- protein homodimerization
- N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD)
- transcription factor activity
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the RELA gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia Signaling
- Angiopoietin Signaling
- April Mediated Signaling
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling
- B Cell Activating Factor Signaling
- BMP signaling pathway
- GADD45 Signaling
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- IL-17A Signaling in Airway Cells
- IL-9 Signaling
- Induction of Apoptosis by HIV1
- Interferon Signaling
- JAK/Stat Signaling
- LPS-stimulated MAPK Signaling
- LXR/RXR Activation
- MIF Regulation of Innate Immunity
- MIF-mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation
- NF-κB Signaling
- PEDF Signaling
- Rac Signaling
- Regulation of IL-2 Expression in Activated and Anergic T Lymphocytes
- Role of JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2 in Interferon Signaling
- Small Cell Lung Cancer Signaling
- TNFR2 Signaling
- Toll-like Receptor Signaling
- Wnt/Ca+ pathway
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- metastasis
- uveitis
- heart failure
- ulcerative colitis
- bleeding
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- epithelial cancer
- epithelial neoplasia
- cancer
role in cell
- growth
- expression in
- molecular cleavage in
- proliferation
- differentiation
- quantity
- binding
- permeability
- growth in
- phosphorylation in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- cytoskeletal membrane fractions
- glutaminergic synapse
- Cytoplasm
- Plasma Membrane
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- mitochondrial membrane
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial intermembrane space
- nucleoplasm
- nuclear bodies
- nuclear matrix
- neurites
- nerve ending
- synapse
- cellular protrusions
- membrane processes
- chromatin
- cytoplasmic fraction
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human RELA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of angiogenesis
- response to muramyl dipeptide
- response to progesterone stimulus
- negative regulation of protein catabolic process
- chromatin organization
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- defense response to tumor cell
- inflammatory response
- hair follicle development
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- defense response to virus
- response to muscle stretch
- intracellular signal transduction
- positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process
- positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production
- toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
- NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
- negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
- organ morphogenesis
- cellular defense response
- tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
- neuropeptide signaling pathway
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
- positive regulation of gene expression
- response to interleukin-1
- regulation of inflammatory response
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- response to UV-B
- response to cytokine stimulus
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- response to amino acid stimulus
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
- response to cAMP
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- response to insulin stimulus
- response to ischemia
- cellular response to interleukin-6
- liver development
- cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
- cellular response to stress
- negative regulation of protein sumoylation
- cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
- cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
- cellular response to nicotine
- response to cobalamin
- transcription, DNA-dependent
- protein catabolic process
- vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
- prolactin signaling pathway
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- acetaldehyde metabolic process
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- cellular response to lipoteichoic acid
- cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- innate immune response
- cellular response to interleukin-1
- negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
- interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
- cellular response to peptidoglycan
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- transcription factor complex
- cytoplasm
- NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex
- cytosol
- NF-kappaB complex
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- peptide binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
- transcription coactivator binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- ankyrin repeat binding
- protein kinase binding
- chromatin DNA binding
- identical protein binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- histone deacetylase binding
- actinin binding
- chromatin binding
- phosphate ion binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- NF-kappaB binding
- DNA binding
- protein binding
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- enzyme binding