GPT Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes cytosolic alanine aminotransaminase 1 (ALT1); also known as glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 1. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate and, therefore, plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Serum activity levels of this enzyme are routinely used as a biomarker of liver injury caused by drug toxicity, infection, alcohol, and steatosis. A related gene on chromosome 16 encodes a putative mitochondrial alanine aminotransaminase.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GPT |
| Official Name | glutamic--pyruvic transaminase [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4552] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000167701 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | glutamic--pyruvic transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, alanine transaminase |
| Synonyms | 1300007J06Rik, 2310022B03Rik, AAT1, ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, ALANINE TRANSAMINASE, ALAT, ALT, ALT1, Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic--pyruvic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble, GPT1, SGPT |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GPT often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- tyrosine/nicotianamine family aminotransferase
- tyrosine aminotransferase, eukaryotic
- AAT_I
- enzyme
- Aminotransferase class I and II
- alanine transaminase
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- cardiovascular disorder
- metabolic syndrome X
- cancer
- liver cancer
- epithelial cancer
- epithelial neoplasia
- colorectal cancer
- abdominal cancer
- digestive system cancer
- obesity
role in cell
- cell death
- transcription in
- gluconeogenesis in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- Extracellular Space
- cytosol
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GPT gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- response to starvation
- biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of gluconeogenesis
- L-alanine catabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytosol
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- pyridoxal phosphate binding
- L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity