LTF Gene Summary [Human]
This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its peptides. Activity against both DNA and RNA viruses has been found, including activity against SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2021]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | LTF |
| Official Name | lactotransferrin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:6720] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000012223 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | lactotransferrin |
| Synonyms | Csp82, GIG12, HEL110, HLF2, Lactoferrin, lactotransferrin, LF, LOC102724305, MMS10R, Ms10r, TRFL |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human LTF often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- protein kinase activator
- cysteine protease inhibitor activity
- serine endopeptidase
- peptidase
- Type 2 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
- iron ion binding
- protein binding
- Transferrin
- heparin binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- prostate cancer
- acute myeloid leukemia
- metastasis
- schizophrenia
- tuberculosis
- early-onset preeclampsia
- systemic autoimmune syndrome
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- psoriasis
role in cell
- migration
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- invasion by
- activation in
- growth
- cell death
- activity
- production in
- apoptosis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- secretory granule lumen
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- organelle lumens
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- Golgi Apparatus
- Mitochondria
- granules
- cytosol
- perivitelline space
- specific granules
- secretory granules
- exosomes
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human LTF gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- bone morphogenesis
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
- positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- ossification
- humoral immune response
- negative regulation of osteoclast development
- negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
- negative regulation of viral genome replication
- positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
- positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
- negative regulation of ATPase activity
- regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- negative regulation of viral reproduction
- negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
- innate immune response in mucosa
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- iron ion transport
- proteolysis
- killing of cells of other organism
- antibacterial humoral response
- regulation of cytokine production
- antifungal humoral response
- positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- specific granule lumen
- secretory granule
- extracellular region
- plasma membrane
- cell surface
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- early endosome
- phagocytic vesicle lumen
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytoplasm
- specific granule
- recycling endosome
- macromolecular complex
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- DNA binding
- protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
- protein binding
- cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- iron ion binding
- serine-type endopeptidase activity
- heparin binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding