PTN Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor. The protein has significant roles in cell growth and survival, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PTN |
| Official Name | pleiotrophin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9630] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000105894 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | pleiotrophin, heparin binding growth factor 8 |
| Synonyms | HARP, HBBM, HBBN, HB-GAM, HBGF-8, HBNF, HBNF-1, NEGF1, OSF, OSF-1, pleiotrophin |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PTN often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- lysine rich domain
- protein kinase binding
- PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, C-terminal domain
- protein binding
- syndecan binding
- growth factor
- glycosaminoglycan binding
- protein phosphatase inhibitor activity
- binding protein
- integrin binding
- carbohydrate binding
- heparin binding
- growth factor binding
- PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- cancer
- neoplasia
- colorectal cancer
- papillary thyroid carcinoma
- papillary thyroid cancer
- androgenic alopecia
- metastasis
- organismal death
- schizophrenia
- major depression
role in cell
- differentiation
- proliferation
- survival
- apoptosis
- growth
- migration
- expression in
- cell death
- activation in
- recruitment
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- raft fractions
- Cytoplasm
- presynaptic regions
- cell surface
- cell borders
- perinuclear region
- postsynaptic region
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- neuromuscular junctions
- synapse
- extracellular matrix
- neuromuscular synapse
- basement membrane
- cartilage matrix
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PTN gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- nervous system development
- decidualization
- learning
- memory
- positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
- positive regulation of stem cell differentiation
- integrin-mediated signaling pathway
- negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
- positive regulation of axon regeneration
- positive regulation of cell division
- regulation of synaptic plasticity
- response to auditory stimulus
- regulation of stem cell maintenance
- positive regulation of neuron projection development
- positive regulation of bone mineralization
- regulation of endothelial cell migration
- bone mineralization
- transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway
- positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
- receptor clustering
- tissue regeneration
- positive regulation of dendrite development
- leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response
- ossification involved in bone remodeling
- positive regulation of ossification
- oogenesis
- regulation of myelination
- positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
- dendrite regeneration
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- endoplasmic reticulum
- macromolecular complex
- extracellular region
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- chondroitin sulfate binding
- protein phosphatase inhibitor activity
- protein kinase binding
- growth factor activity
- protein binding
- integrin binding
- heparin binding
- carbohydrate binding