TYMS Gene Summary [Human]
Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate using, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) as a cofactor. This function maintains the dTMP (thymidine-5-prime monophosphate) pool critical for DNA replication and repair. The enzyme has been of interest as a target for cancer chemotherapeutic agents. It is considered to be the primary site of action for 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluoro-2-prime-deoxyuridine, and some folate analogs. Expression of this gene and that of a naturally occurring antisense transcript, mitochondrial enolase superfamily member 1 (GeneID:55556), vary inversely when cell-growth progresses from late-log to plateau phase. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with etiology of neoplasia, including breast cancer, and response to chemotherapy. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | TYMS |
| Official Name | thymidylate synthetase [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:12441] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000176890 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | thymidylate synthetase |
| Synonyms | DKCD, HST422, thymidylate synthase, thymidylate synthetase, TMS, TS |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human TYMS often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- thymidylate synthase
- binding protein
- folic acid binding
- mRNA binding
- nucleic acid binding translation repressor
- protein homodimerization
- enzyme
- TS_Pyrimidine_HMase
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- microsatellite instability high colon cancer
- rectum cancer
- advanced colon cancer
- metastatic colon cancer
- metastatic rectal cancer
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- advanced rectal cancer
- secondary neoplasm
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma
role in cell
- apoptosis
- cell death
- growth
- cell cycle progression
- quantity
- proliferation
- survival
- translation in
- josamycin sensitivity
- pemetrexed sensitivity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial inner membrane
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human TYMS gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- response to cytokine stimulus
- intestinal epithelial cell maturation
- response to progesterone stimulus
- dTMP biosynthetic process
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- developmental growth
- circadian rhythm
- response to toxin
- dTTP biosynthetic process
- response to ethanol
- response to glucocorticoid stimulus
- response to folic acid
- response to organophosphorus
- DNA biosynthetic process
- uracil metabolic process
- tetrahydrofolate interconversion
- response to vitamin A
- negative regulation of translation
- methylation
- cartilage development
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- mitochondrial matrix
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrion
- cytosol
- mitochondrial inner membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- thymidylate synthase activity
- protein homodimerization activity
- translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding
- folic acid binding