GREM2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GREM2 |
| Official Name | gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:17655] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000180875 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist, protein related to DAN and cerberus |
| Synonyms | CKTSF1B2, DAND3, FLJ21195, Gremlin2, gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist, LOC107985369, PRDC, RGD1560008, STHAG9 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GREM2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Glycoprotein hormone beta chain homologues
- cytokine binding
- heparin binding
- identical protein binding
- DAN domain
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
- atrophic gastritis
- selective tooth agenesis type 9
- epithelial cancer
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy
- esophagogastric junction cancer
role in cell
- expression in
- number
- adipogenesis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GREM2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- determination of dorsal identity
- regulation of cytokine activity
- sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding
- cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
- embryonic body morphogenesis
- organ morphogenesis
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- BMP binding
- identical protein binding
- heparin binding
- receptor agonist activity
- cytokine activity