MIR21
MIR21 Gene Summary
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
Details
| Type | Micro RNA |
| Official Symbol | MIR21 |
| Official Name | microRNA 21 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:31586] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000284190 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | microRNA 21 |
| Synonyms | HSA-MIR-104,HSA-MIR-21,MI0000110,microRNA 21,microRNA 21a,MIR-021,Mir21a,MIRN21,miRNA21,mmu-miR-21,mmu-mir-21a,pre-mir-21,pri-miR-21,rno-miR-21 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- mRNA 3' UTR binding
- translation repressor
- mRNA binding
- microRNA
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the MIR21 gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
binds
- ESR1
- JUN
- ATF2
- FOS
- SMAD3
- DGCR8
- PPARA
- AGO3
- AGO2
- PDCD4
disease
- gastric cancer
- delayed hypersensitive reaction
- bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
- neoplasia
- metastasis
- liver cancer
- liver neoplasia
- digestive system cancer
- abdominal cancer
- cancer
regulated by
- IL6
- thioacetamide
- VEGF
- CCAT2
- MAPK
- NFkB (complex)
- HNF4A
- bisphenol A
- hyaluronic acid
- N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine
regulates
- PTEN
- ICAM1
- NFkB (complex)
- RNA polymerase II
- STAT1
- CASP3
- ERK1/2
- D-glucose
- EGFR
- TNF
role in cell
- formation
- phosphorylation in
- injury
- expression in
- apoptosis
- activation in
- signaling in
- proliferation
- survival
- cell viability
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- extracellular vesicles
- Extracellular Space
- exosomes
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the MIR21 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of angiogenesis
- negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
- positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
- regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
- positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
- positive regulation of angiogenesis
- positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response
- negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
- BMP signaling pathway
- positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
- collagen metabolic process
- phenotypic switching
- negative regulation of type I interferon production
- negative regulation of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
- gene silencing by miRNA
- negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of inflammatory response
- negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
- positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
- negative regulation of gene expression
- regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- cellular response to gamma radiation
- negative regulation of stress fiber assembly
- positive regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation
- negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
- regulation of cell migration
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- negative regulation of cell migration
- positive regulation of cell projection organization
- positive regulation of cell migration
- regulation of cell shape
- negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
- negative regulation of cartilage development
- negative regulation of MAPK cascade
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- endothelial tube morphogenesis
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
- positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
- negative regulation of innate immune response
- epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development
- negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
- negative regulation of interleukin-21 production
- negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
- blood vessel development
- regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
- cellular response to ionizing radiation
- negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
- positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
- negative regulation of arginine catabolic process
- negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
- embryo implantation
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
- negative regulation of interleukin-12 production
- negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of cytokine production
- positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytoplasm
- RNA-induced silencing complex
MOLECULAR FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- mRNA 3'-UTR binding