Ins2 Gene Summary [Mouse]
This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The encoded precursor protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage to produce a disulfide-linked heterodimeric functional protein that is stored in secretory granules. An increase in blood glucose levels, among others, induces the release of insulin from the secretory granules. Mice deficient in the functional hormone encoded by this gene develop diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Ins2 |
| Official Name | insulin II [Source:MGI Symbol;Acc:MGI:96573] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSMUSG00000000215 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | insulin II |
| Synonyms | AA986540, CP-II, EINECS 234-279-7, humuline, IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, iletin, ILPR, Ins2, InsII, Insulin, Insulin2, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, insulin II, IRDN, LOC102549619, LOC102549750, Mody, MODY10, Mody4, novolin, oral insulin, ORMD-0801, PNDM4, Preproinsulin, Proinsulin2, regular insulin, soluble insulin, technosphere insulin, ultraphane |
| Species | Mouse, Mus musculus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in mouse Ins2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator
- insulin receptor binding
- protease binding
- zinc ion binding
- Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family
- IlGF_like
- receptor agonist activity
- hormone
- protein binding
- identical protein binding
- insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Ins2 gene in mouse plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- AMPK Signaling
- Apelin Pancreas Signaling Pathway
- Caveolar-mediated Endocytosis Signaling
- Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis Signaling
- EIF2 Signaling
- Leptin Signaling in Obesity
- Macropinocytosis Signaling
- NF-κB Signaling
- PPAR Signaling
- Thyroid Cancer Signaling
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
- Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- diabetes mellitus
- myocardial infarct
- fallopian tube cancer
- cardiovascular disorder
- COVID-19
- obesity
- schizophrenia
- schizoaffective disorder
- well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
role in cell
- expression in
- growth
- proliferation
- phosphorylation in
- activation in
- cell viability
- tyrosine phosphorylation in
- accumulation in
- number
- migration
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- Golgi lumen
- secretory granule lumen
- Cytoplasm
- perinuclear Golgi regions
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- endosomes
- Golgi Apparatus
- granules
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- Golgi membrane
- insulin secretory granules
- transport vesicles
- secretory granules
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the mouse Ins2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
- negative regulation of protein catabolic process
- negative regulation of gluconeogenesis
- positive regulation of mitosis
- negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
- glucose metabolic process
- positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
- positive regulation of protein metabolic process
- positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation
- wound healing
- positive regulation of cell growth
- positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
- regulation of synaptic plasticity
- positive regulation of neuron projection development
- positive regulation of protein secretion
- negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
- positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
- positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of feeding behavior
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- regulation of protein localization
- negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process
- cell-cell signaling
- nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway
- negative regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of gene expression
- glucose homeostasis
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of cell migration
- negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
- positive regulation of respiratory burst
- insulin receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
- positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- alpha-beta T cell activation
- negative regulation of proteolysis
- vasodilation
- positive regulation of glycolysis
- cognition
- positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
- activation of protein kinase B activity
- regulation of protein secretion
- negative regulation of protein secretion
- fatty acid homeostasis
- regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of glucose import
- positive regulation of cell differentiation
- positive regulation of MAPK cascade
- acute-phase response
- negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
- positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
- positive regulation of cytokine production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- extracellular space
- endosome lumen
- secretory granule lumen
- Golgi membrane
- transport vesicle
- Golgi lumen
- extracellular region
- endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- identical protein binding
- protein binding
- protease binding
- insulin receptor binding
- hormone activity
- insulin-like growth factor receptor binding