B2m Gene Summary [Rat]
Predicted to enable several functions, including MHC class II protein complex binding activity; peptide antigen binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in response to cadmium ion and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Located in extracellular space. Biomarker of acute kidney failure; pyelonephritis; and ureteral obstruction. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in arthritis; immunodeficiency 43; and inflammatory bowel disease. Orthologous to human B2M (beta-2-microglobulin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | B2m |
| Official Name | beta-2 microglobulin [Source:RGD Symbol;Acc:2189] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSRNOG00000017123 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | beta-2 microglobulin |
| Synonyms | AMYLD6, beta2-m, beta-2-MICROGLOBULIN, IMD43, Ly-m11, MHC1D4, MHC CLASS I beta, MHC CLASS I β, β-2-MICROGLOBULIN |
| Species | Rat, Rattus norvegicus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in rat B2m often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Immunoglobulin C1-set domain
- immunoglobulin domain
- protein homodimerization
- protein binding
- structural molecule
- identical protein binding
- transmembrane receptor
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the B2m gene in rat plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Allograft Rejection Signaling
- Altered T Cell and B Cell Signaling in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Antigen Presentation Pathway
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Signaling
- Calcium-induced T Lymphocyte Apoptosis
- Communication between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells
- Dendritic Cell Maturation
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- Graft-versus-Host Disease Signaling
- iCOS-iCOSL Signaling in T Helper Cells
- Lipid Antigen Presentation by CD1
- Natural Killer Cell Signaling
- Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathway
- Nur77 Signaling in T Lymphocytes
- OX40 Signaling Pathway
- Phagosome Maturation
- PKCθ Signaling in T Lymphocytes
- Protein Ubiquitination Pathway
- T Cell Receptor Signaling
- Th1 and Th2 Activation Pathway
- Th1 Pathway
- Th2 Pathway
- Virus Entry via Endocytic Pathways
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- diabetes mellitus
- metastasis
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- non-Hodgkin disease
- Alzheimer disease
- epithelial cancer
- epithelial neoplasia
- cancer
- arthritis
- acute kidney injury
role in cell
- transmembrane potential
- apoptosis
- cell viability
- depolarization
- production in
- expression in
- replication in
- proliferation
- activation
- activity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- membrane fraction
- secretory granule lumen
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- organelle lumens
- cellular membrane
- endosomes
- vesicles
- Golgi Apparatus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- Golgi membrane
- endosomal membrane
- recycling endosomes
- membrane rafts
- dendrites
- exosomes
- phagosomes
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the rat B2m gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive regulation of protein binding
- multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis
- antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
- cellular response to iron ion
- learning or memory
- regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
- cellular iron ion homeostasis
- positive regulation of T cell activation
- response to molecule of bacterial origin
- protein homotetramerization
- negative regulation of neuron projection development
- negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation
- sensory perception of smell
- positive regulation of cellular senescence
- antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
- positive regulation of immune response
- antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
- positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
- cellular response to nicotine
- T cell differentiation in thymus
- positive regulation of receptor binding
- negative regulation of receptor binding
- protein refolding
- cellular response to iron(III) ion
- peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
- peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex
- iron ion transport
- negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
- positive regulation of T cell cytokine production
- T cell mediated cytotoxicity
- negative regulation of neurogenesis
- positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
- regulation of iron ion transport
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- MHC class II protein complex
- MHC class I peptide loading complex
- specific granule lumen
- external side of plasma membrane
- Golgi membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- extracellular region
- lysosomal membrane
- plasma membrane
- MHC class I protein complex
- early endosome membrane
- late endosome membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- extracellular space
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- early endosome lumen
- focal adhesion
- membrane
- ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
- cytosol
- phagocytic vesicle membrane
- recycling endosome membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- identical protein binding
- peptide antigen binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- protein binding
- structural molecule activity
- MHC class II protein complex binding