GCLC
GCLC Gene Summary
Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. This locus encodes the catalytic subunit, while the regulatory subunit is derived from a different gene located on chromosome 1p22-p21. Mutations at this locus have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and susceptibility to myocardial infarction.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GCLC |
| Official Name | glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4311] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000001084 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit |
| Synonyms | CNSHA7,D9Wsu168e,gamma GCS HEAVY CHAIN,Gamma Glutamylcysteine Synthetase,Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit,Gamma Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase Light Subunit,GCL,GCS,GCS, Catalytic,GCS-HS,Ggcs-hs,GLCL,GLCLC,GLCL-H,glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit,Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, Catalytic Subunit,γ Gcs,γ-Gcsh,γ GCS HEAVY CHAIN,γ Glutamylcysteine Synthetase,γ glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit,γ Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase Light Subunit |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- glutamate-cysteine ligase
- binding protein
- ADP binding
- glutamate binding
- enzyme
- protein binding
- magnesium ion binding
- neutralizing epitope
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GCLC gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
binds
- RPA3
- NFE2L2
- TRIM67
- PRKN
- STAU1
- DCAF5
- JUN
- FOSL1
- RPA2
- CUL3
disease
- benign prostatic hyperplasia
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- lung adenocarcinoma
- lung adenocarcinoma formation
- gastric adenocarcinoma
- gastric epithelial cancer
- susceptibility to myocardial infarction
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- hemolytic anemia
- fibrosis
regulated by
- glutathione
- CYP3A4
- KEAP1
- wortmannin
- insulin
- LY294002
- tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
- bromobenzene
- E. coli B5 lipopolysaccharide
- FAM117B
regulates
- heavy metal
- reactive oxygen species
- glutathione
- SLC39A8
- GCLC
- L-glutamic acid
- insulin
- glutamylcysteine synthetase gamma
- L-cysteine
- ascorbic acid
role in cell
- proliferation
- depolarization
- activation in
- apoptosis
- cell viability
- accumulation in
- formation in
- synthesis in
- radioresistance
- ferroptosis
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- cytosol
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the GCLC gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus
- response to oxidative stress
- response to heat
- cellular response to thyroxine stimulus
- glutamate metabolic process
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- cellular response to glucose stimulus
- response to arsenic-containing substance
- response to nitrosative stress
- negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
- regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
- negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
- cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
- glutathione biosynthetic process
- cell redox homeostasis
- response to cadmium ion
- response to nutrient
- response to hormone stimulus
- cysteine metabolic process
- cellular response to mechanical stimulus
- cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- response to interleukin-1
- negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
- L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
- response to activity
- positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- glutamate-cysteine ligase complex
- mitochondrion
- cytosol
MOLECULAR FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- magnesium ion binding
- ATP binding
- protein binding
- glutamate binding
- ADP binding
- glutamate-cysteine ligase activity