DRD2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor. This G-protein coupled receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. A missense mutation in this gene causes myoclonus dystonia; other mutations have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A third variant has been described, but it has not been determined whether this form is normal or due to aberrant splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | DRD2 |
| Official Name | dopamine receptor D2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:3023] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000149295 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | dopamine receptor D2 |
| Synonyms | D2, D2a dopamine receptor, D2 DOPAMINE receptor, D2 dopaminergic receptor, D2DR, D2-like receptors, D2R, dopamine D2, Dopamine D2L receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine receptor D2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human DRD2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- G-protein coupled receptor
- intracellular loop
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
- identical protein binding
- seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily
- dopamine D2 receptor-like receptor
- third intracellular loop
- binding protein
- cytoplasmic domain
- cytoplasmic loop
- dopamine receptor
- transmembrane domain
- intracellular domain
- extracellular loop
- 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
- tail domain
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the DRD2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
- cAMP-mediated signaling
- Cellular Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra)
- CREB Signaling in Neurons
- Dopamine Receptor Signaling
- Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback in cAMP Signaling
- FAK Signaling
- G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling
- Gap Junction Signaling
- Gαi Signaling
- Phagosome Formation
- RAR Activation
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- hypertension
- heart failure
- diabetes mellitus
- obesity
- impaired glucose tolerance
- shoulder pain
- chronic pain
- low back pain
- migraine without aura
role in cell
- synthesis in
- upregulation in
- expression in
- adhesion
- production in
- phosphorylation in
- apoptosis
- activation in
- migration
- cell death
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- membrane fraction
- mitochondrial fraction
- synaptic vesicle membrane
- glutaminergic synapse
- insulin granule
- non-motile cilium
- Cytoplasm
- presynaptic regions
- cilia
- cell surface
- cell periphery
- intracellular membranes
- outer membranes
- cellular membrane
- presynaptic membrane
- postsynaptic membrane
- lateral plasma membrane
- sperm tail
- acrosome
- dendritic spines
- spine apparatus
- neurites
- nerve ending
- synaptosomes
- synapse
- endocytotic vesicle
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- axon terminals
- presynaptic terminals
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human DRD2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- dopamine metabolic process
- positive regulation of growth hormone secretion
- protein localization
- regulation of potassium ion transport
- branching morphogenesis of a nerve
- visual learning
- response to axon injury
- striatum development
- associative learning
- response to toxin
- circadian regulation of gene expression
- neuroblast proliferation
- epithelial cell proliferation
- response to hypoxia
- regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
- pigmentation
- autophagy
- axonogenesis
- sensory perception of smell
- Wnt receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
- release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
- response to inactivity
- regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
- positive regulation of receptor internalization
- response to cocaine
- adenohypophysis development
- positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
- negative regulation of blood pressure
- response to morphine
- phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
- long-term memory
- synapse assembly
- arachidonic acid secretion
- adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
- response to histamine
- auditory behavior
- negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of dopamine secretion
- negative regulation of cell migration
- negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- neuron-neuron synaptic transmission
- drinking behavior
- negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
- acid secretion
- positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
- adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration
- negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- negative regulation of insulin secretion
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of innate immune response
- response to light stimulus
- positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
- positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
- adult walking behavior
- protein kinase B signaling cascade
- grooming behavior
- positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
- locomotory behavior
- dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
- positive regulation of renal sodium excretion
- behavioral response to cocaine
- regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
- response to iron ion
- regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
- regulation of synapse structural plasticity
- negative regulation of neuron migration
- positive regulation of cytokinesis
- positive regulation of urine volume
- regulation of dopamine secretion
- prepulse inhibition
- regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior
- negative regulation of protein secretion
- orbitofrontal cortex development
- positive regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
- reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
- negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
- G-protein coupled receptor internalization
- behavioral response to ethanol
- positive regulation of MAPK cascade
- response to nicotine
- regulation of heart rate
- regulation of sodium ion transport
- response to amphetamine
- neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
- negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
- temperature homeostasis
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- peristalsis
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- presynaptic membrane
- lateral plasma membrane
- Golgi membrane
- perikaryon
- axon terminus
- plasma membrane
- endocytic vesicle
- dendrite
- postsynaptic membrane
- acrosomal vesicle
- dendritic spine
- cilium
- cilium membrane
- synaptic vesicle membrane
- sperm flagellum
- axon
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- identical protein binding
- ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
- protein binding
- G-protein alpha-subunit binding
- dopamine binding
- heterotrimeric G-protein binding
- dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go