POLR2A Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for polymerase activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing RNA polymerase. In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | POLR2A |
| Official Name | RNA polymerase II subunit A [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9187] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000181222 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit, RNA polymerase II 220 kd subunit, RNA polymerase II subunit B1 |
| Synonyms | hRPB220, hsRPB1, NEDHIB, Pol II, Pol II Largest Subunit, Pol II ls, POLR2, POLRA, polymerase (RNA) II, polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, RNAP II, RNAPIIA, RNAP LS, RNAPol II, RNA pol iia, RNA POLYMERASE II LARGE subunit, RNA polymerase II subunit A, RPB1, RPBh1, Rpii215, RpIILS, RPO2, Rpo2-1, RPOL2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human POLR2A often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta' subunit, predominant form
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1
- Largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP), C-terminal domain
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4
- chromatin binding
- enzyme
- microfibril binding
- YSPTSPS repeat
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5
- zinc ion binding
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 2
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7
- Largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP), N-terminal domain
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- RNA Pol II CTD binding domain
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit A'
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase
- nucleic acid binding
- C-terminal heptad repeat domain
- protein binding
- magnesium ion binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6
- phosphorylation site
- RNA-directed RNA polymerase
- kinase binding
- double-stranded DNA binding
- RNA polymerase I subunit A N-terminus
- Spt5 C-terminal nonapeptide repeat binding Spt4
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit A''
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the POLR2A gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- atrial fibrillation
- breast cancer
- lung adenocarcinoma
- neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and variable intellectual and behavioral abnormalities
- hereditary disorder
- hypertension
- COVID-19
- bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma
- broncho-alveolar lung cancer
- systemic lupus erythematosus
role in cell
- apoptosis
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- S phase
- replication in
- reverse transcription in
- reverse transcription
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- perichromatin fibril
- Cytoplasm
- intranuclear region
- nucleoplasm
- chromatin
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human POLR2A gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive regulation of RNA splicing
- transcription, RNA-dependent
- regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- transcription termination, DNA-dependent
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- chromosome
- Prp19 complex
- nucleolus
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- zinc ion binding
- magnesium ion binding
- DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II activity
- RNA binding
- protein binding
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
- RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
- kinase binding
- microfibril binding
- hydrolase activity