HMGB1 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | HMGB1 |
| Official Name | high mobility group box 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4983] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000189403 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | high mobility group box 1, Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein, Amphoterin, high mobility group protein 1 |
| Synonyms | Ac2-008, Amphoterin, high mobility group box 1, HMG-1, Hmg1-Related, HMG3, LOC100361707, p30, SBP-1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human HMGB1 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- A-box
- peptide binding
- transcription regulator
- transcription co-activator
- chemoattractant
- transcription co-repressor
- DNA secondary structure binding
- transcription factor binding
- protein kinase regulator
- cytokine
- C-X-C chemokine binding
- HMG (high mobility group) box
- double-stranded RNA binding
- basic domain
- A domain
- phospholipid binding
- lipid binding
- DNA binding domain
- RAGE-binding domain
- nucleic acid binding
- 5S rRNA binding
- high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily
- bent DNA binding
- nuclear localization sequence
- enzyme binding
- C-terminal acidic domain
- linker domain
- DNA bending protein
- glutamic acid-rich domain
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding
- single-stranded RNA binding
- acidic domain
- protein kinase activator
- binding protein
- damaged DNA binding
- single-stranded DNA binding
- lyase
- double-stranded DNA binding
- integrin binding
- HMG-box domain
- high mobility group
- receptor agonist activity
- Box B domain
- heparin binding
- protein heterodimerization
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the HMGB1 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- colon cancer
- sepsis
- organismal death
- arthritis
- edema
- ischemia
role in cell
- necrosis
- expression in
- quantity
- migration
- cell death
- induction
- growth
- survival
- activation in
- production in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- secretory granule lumen
- ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
- extracellular structure
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- microvesicles
- cellular membrane
- Plasma Membrane
- vesicles
- lysosome
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- cytosol
- chromosome
- nucleoplasm
- nucleoli
- neurites
- myoplasm
- early endosomes
- cytoplasmic vesicles
- membrane rafts
- chromatin
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human HMGB1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive chemotaxis
- positive regulation of DNA binding
- inflammatory response
- inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- autophagy
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
- positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
- T-helper 1 cell activation
- positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
- apoptotic cell clearance
- positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
- positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
- regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
- T-helper 1 cell differentiation
- positive regulation of autophagy
- regulation of tolerance induction
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- heterochromatin assembly
- dendritic cell chemotaxis
- negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
- DNA geometric change
- positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
- DNA topological change
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
- activation of innate immune response
- positive regulation of mismatch repair
- positive regulation of DNA ligation
- V(D)J recombination
- negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
- neuron projection development
- signal transduction
- positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
- DNA recombination
- positive regulation of MAPK cascade
- positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
- elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- myeloid dendritic cell activation
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
- negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of JNK cascade
- innate immune response
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- endoplasmic reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
- extracellular region
- cell surface
- nucleoplasm
- condensed chromosome
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- endosome
- transcriptional repressor complex
- alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex
- secretory granule lumen
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- C-X-C chemokine binding
- bubble DNA binding
- lyase activity
- double-stranded DNA binding
- DNA binding, bending
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- chemoattractant activity
- receptor agonist activity
- integrin binding
- cytokine activity
- four-way junction DNA binding
- damaged DNA binding
- single-stranded DNA binding
- lipopolysaccharide binding
- supercoiled DNA binding
- phosphatidylserine binding
- DNA polymerase binding
- RNA binding
- protein binding
- transcription coactivator activity
- transcription corepressor activity
- RAGE receptor binding