Aldh2 Gene Summary [Rat]
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of East Asians have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among East Asians than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Aldh2 |
| Official Name | aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member [Source:RGD Symbol;Acc:69219] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSRNOG00000001344 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member |
| Synonyms | Ahd-5, AHD-M1, Aldehyde dehydr 2,A2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial, ALDH-E2, ALDHI, ALDM, Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 |
| Species | Rat, Rattus norvegicus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in rat Aldh2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family
- carboxylic ester hydrolase
- electron carrier
- enzyme
- protein binding
- identical protein binding
- delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (PutA C-terminal domain)
- NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily
- NAD or NADH binding
- betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
- delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, group 1
- binding protein
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD)
- phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, group 2, putative
- methylmalonic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Aldh2 gene in rat plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- hypertension
- cirrhosis
- diabetes mellitus
- diastolic dysfunction
- atrial fibrillation
- obesity
- stroke
- Alzheimer disease
- COVID-19
role in cell
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- apoptosis
- accumulation in
- production in
- number
- quantity
- oxidation
- binding in
- formation in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- soluble fraction
- mitochondrial fraction
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- lipid droplets
- cytosol
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial inner membrane
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the rat Aldh2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- aldehyde catabolic process
- carbohydrate metabolic process
- ethanol catabolic process
- alcohol metabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrion
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
- phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
- NAD binding
- electron carrier activity
- aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
- nitroglycerin reductase activity