AREG Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | AREG |
| Official Name | amphiregulin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:651] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000109321 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | amphiregulin |
| Synonyms | Amphiregulin, AR, AREGB, CRDGF, Mcub, schwannoma-derived growth factor, SDGF |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human AREG often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator
- cytoplasmic domain
- epidermal growth factor receptor binding
- ectodomain
- nuclear localization sequence
- heparin binding domain
- receptor agonist activity
- protein binding
- growth factor
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the AREG gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- epithelial cancer
- neoplasia
- epidermal hyperplasia
- ulceration
- breast carcinoma
- weight loss
- rheumatoid arthritis
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- pancreatic epithelial cancer
- ductal pancreatic cancer
role in cell
- activation in
- migration
- expression in
- activation
- proliferation
- apoptosis
- production in
- signaling in
- growth
- phosphorylation in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- endocytic vesicle membrane
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- intracellular space
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- vesicles
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- basolateral membrane
- exosomes
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human AREG gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- neuron projection development
- epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
- ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway
- positive regulation of cell proliferation
- cell-cell signaling
- response to cAMP
- response to hydrogen peroxide
- dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
- response to peptide hormone stimulus
- negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
- positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
- mammary gland alveolus development
- response to glucocorticoid stimulus
- response to estradiol stimulus
- glial cell proliferation
- positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
- ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
- extracellular region
- endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
- cell surface
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- growth factor activity
- protein binding
- epidermal growth factor receptor binding
- transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
- receptor agonist activity
- cytokine activity